Eccles M, Grimshaw J, Walker A, Johnston M, Pitts N. Changing the behavior of healthcare professionals: the use of theory in promoting the uptake of research findings. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005;58:107–12.
PubMed Google Scholar
Davies P, Walker A, Grimshaw J. Theories of behavior change in studies of guideline implementation. Proc Br Psychol Soc. 2003;11:120.
Google Scholar
Michie S, Johnston M, Abraham C, Lawton R, Parker D, Walker A. Making psychological theory useful for implementing evidence based practice: a consensus approach. Qual Saf Health Care. 2005;14:26–33.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sales A, Smith J, Curran G, Kochevar L. Models, strategies, and tools: theory in implementing evidence-based findings into health care practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21:S43–9.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kitson AL, Harvey G, McCormack B. Enabling the implementation of evidence-based practice: a conceptual framework. Qual Health Care. 1998;7:149–58.
Godin G, Bélanger-Gravel A, Eccles M, Grimshaw J. Healthcare professionals’ intentions and behaviours: a systematic review of studies based on social cognitive theories. Implement Sci. 2008;3:36.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mitchell SA, Fisher CA, Hastings CE, Silverman LB, Wallen GR. A thematic analysis of theoretical models for translating science in nursing: mapping the field. Nurs Outlook. 2010;58:287–300.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rycroft-Malone J, Bucknall T. Theory, Frameworks, and Models: Laying Down the Groundwork. In: Rycroft-Malone J, Bucknall T, editors. Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice: Linking Evidence to Action. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. p. 23–50.
Google Scholar
Cane J, O’Connor D, Michie S. Validation of the theoretical domains framework for use in behaviour change and implementation research. Implement Sci. 2012;7:37.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Martinez RG, Lewis CC, Weiner BJ. Instrumentation issues in implementation science. Implement Sci. 2014;9:118.
Graham ID, Logan J, Harrison MB, Straus SE, Tetroe J, Caswell W, et al. Lost in knowledge translation: time for a map? J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2006;26:13–24.
PubMed Google Scholar
Estabrooks CA, Thompson DS, Lovely JE, Hofmeyer A. A guide to knowledge translation theory. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2006;26:25–36.
PubMed Google Scholar
Wilson KM, Brady TJ, Lesesne C, on behalf of the NCCDPHP Work Group on Translation. An organizing framework for translation in public health: the knowledge to action framework. Prev Chronic Dis. 2011;8:A46.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rabin BA, Brownson RC. Developing the Terminology for Dissemination and Implementation Research. In: Brownson RC, Colditz GA, Proctor EK, editors. Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 23–51.
Google Scholar
Greenhalgh T, Robert G, Bate P, Macfarlane F, Kyriakidou O. Diffusion of Innovations in Service Organisations: A Systematic Literature Review. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing; 2005.
Google Scholar
Jones K. Mission drift in qualitative research, or moving toward a systematic review of qualitative studies, moving back to a more systematic narrative review. Qual Rep. 2004;9:95–112.
Google Scholar
Cronin P, Ryan F, Coughlan M. Undertaking a literature review: a step-by-step approach. Br J Nurs. 2008;17:38–43.
PubMed Google Scholar
Rycroft-Malone J, Bucknall T. Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice: Linking Evidence to Action. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.
Google Scholar
Nutley SM, Walter I, Davies HTO. Using evidence: how research can inform public services. Bristol: The Policy Press; 2007.
Google Scholar
Grol R, Wensing M, Eccles M. Improving Patient Care: The Implementation of Change in Clinical Practice. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2005.
Google Scholar
Straus S, Tetroe J, Graham ID. Knowledge Translation in Health Care. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
Google Scholar
Brownson RC, Colditz GA, Proctor EK. Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012.
Google Scholar
Graham ID, Tetroe J. Some theoretical underpinnings of knowledge translation. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14:936–41.
PubMed Google Scholar
Flottorp SA, Oxman AD, Krause J, Musila NR, Wensing M, Godycki-Cwirko M, et al. A checklist for identifying determinants of practice: a systematic review and synthesis of frameworks and taxonomies of factors that prevent or enable improvements in healthcare professional practice. Implement Sci. 2013;8:35.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Meyers DC, Durlak JA, Wandersman A. The Quality Implementation Framework: a synthesis of critical steps in the implementation process. Am J Community Psychol. 2012;50:462–80.
PubMed Google Scholar
Tabak RG, Khoong EC, Chambers DA, Brownson RC. Bridging research and practice: models for dissemination and implementation research. Am J Prev Med. 2012;43:337–50.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Frankfort-Nachmias C, Nachmias D. Research Methods in the Social Sciences. London: Arnold; 1996.
Google Scholar
Wacker JG. A definition of theory: research guidelines for different theory-building research methods in operations management. J Oper Manag. 1998;16:361–85.
Google Scholar
Carpiano RM, Daley DM. A guide and glossary on postpositivist theory building for population health. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006;60:564–70.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bunge M. Scientific Research 1: The Search for System. New York: Springer; 1967.
Google Scholar
Reynolds PD. A Primer in Theory Construction. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill Educational Publishing; 1971.
Google Scholar
Dubin R. Theory Building. New York: Free Press; 1978.
Google Scholar
Hunt SD. Modern Marketing Theory: Critical Issues in the Philosophy of Marketing Science. Cincinnati, OH: Southwestern Publishing; 1991.
Google Scholar
Bluedorn AC, Evered RD. Middle Range Theory and the Strategies of Theory Construction. In: Pinder CC, Moore LF, editors. Middle Range Theory and The Study of Organizations. Boston, MA: Martinus Nijhoff; 1980. p. 19–32.
Google Scholar
Cairney P. Understanding Public Policy—Theories and Issues. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan; 2012.
Google Scholar
Sabatier PA. Theories of the Policy Process. 2nd ed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press; 2007.
Google Scholar
Kitson AL, Rycroft-Malone J, Harvey G, McCormack B, Seers K, Titchen A. Evaluating the successful implementation of evidence into practice using the PARiHS framework: theoretical and practical challenges. Implement Sci. 2008;3:1.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Huberman M. Research utilization: the state of the art. Knowl Policy. 1994;7:13–33.
Google Scholar
Landry R, Amara N, Lamari M. Climbing the ladder of research utilization: evidence from social science. Sci Commun. 2001;22:396–422.
Google Scholar
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). About knowledge translation. [http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/29418.html]. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
Davis SM, Peterson JC, Helfrich CD, Cunningham-Sabo L. Introduction and conceptual model for utilization of prevention research. Am J Prev Med. 2007;33:1S.
Google Scholar
Majdzadeh R, Sadighi J, Nejat S, Mahani AS, Ghdlami J. Knowledge translation for research utilization: design of a knowledge translation model at Teheran University of Medical Science. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2008;28:270–7.
PubMed Google Scholar
Graham ID, Tetroe J, KT Theories Group. Planned Action Theories. In: Straus S, Tetroe J, Graham ID, editors. Knowledge Translation in Health Care. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2009. p. 185–95.
Google Scholar
Rycroft-Malone J, Bucknall T. Analysis and Synthesis of Models and Frameworks. In: Rycroft-Malone J, Bucknall T, editors. Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice: Linking Evidence to Action. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. p. 223–45.
Google Scholar
Stetler CB. Stetler model. In: Rycroft-Malone J, Bucknall T, editors. Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice: Linking Evidence to Action. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. p. 51–82.
Google Scholar
Stevens KR. The impact of evidence-based practice in nursing and the next big ideas. Online J Issues Nurs. 2013;18(2):4.
PubMed Google Scholar
Titler MG, Kleiber C, Steelman V, Goode C, Rakel B, Barry-Walker J, et al. Infusing research into practice to promote quality care. Nurs Res. 1995;43:307–13.
Google Scholar
Titler MG, Kleiber C, Steelman VJ, Rakel BA, Budreau G, Everett LQ, et al. The Iowa Model of evidence-based practice to promote quality care. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2001;13:497–509.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Logan J, Graham I. Toward a comprehensive interdisciplinary model of health care research use. Sci Commun. 1998;20:227–46.
Google Scholar
Logan J, Graham I. The Ottawa Model of Research Use. In: Rycroft-Malone J, Bucknall T, editors. Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice: Linking Evidence to Action. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. p. 83–108.
Google Scholar
Grol R, Wensing M. What drives change? Barriers to and incentives for achieving evidence-based practice. Med J Aust. 2004;180:S57–60.
PubMed Google Scholar
Pronovost PJ, Berenholtz SM, Needham DM. Translating evidence into practice: a model for large scale knowledge translation. BMJ. 2008;337:a1714.
PubMed Google Scholar
Field B, Booth A, Ilott I, Gerrish K. Using the Knowledge to Action Framework in practice: a citation analysis and systematic review. Implement Sci. 2014;9:172.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Stetler C. Refinement of the Stetler/Marram Model for application of research findings to practice. Nurs Outlook. 1994;42:15–25.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Durlak JA, DuPre EP. Implementation matters: a review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation. Am J Community Psychol. 2008;41:327–50.
PubMed Google Scholar
Gurses AP, Marsteller JA, Ozok AA, Xiao Y, Owens S, Pronovost PJ. Using an interdisciplinary approach to identify factors that affect clinicians’ compliance with evidence-based guidelines. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(8 Suppl):S282–91.
PubMed Google Scholar
Cochrane LJ, Olson CA, Murray S, Dupuis M, Tooman T, Hayes S. Gaps between knowing and doing: understanding and assessing the barriers to optimal health care. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2007;27:94–102.
PubMed Google Scholar
Damschroder LJ, Aron DC, Keith RE, Kirsh SR, Alexander JA, Lowery JC. Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implement Sci. 2009;4:50.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ferlie E, Shortell SM. Improving the quality of health care in the United Kingdom and the United States: a framework for change. Milbank Q. 2001;79:281–315.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jacobson N, Butterill D, Goering P. Development of a framework for knowledge translation: understanding user context. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2003;8:94–9.
PubMed Google Scholar
Blase KA, Van Dyke M, Fixsen DL, Bailey FW. Implementation Science: Key Concepts, Themes and Evidence for Practitioners in Educational Psychology. In: Kelly B, Perkins DF, editors. Handbook of Implementation Science for Psychology in Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2012. p. 13–34.
Google Scholar
Rycroft-Malone J. Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS). In: Rycroft-Malone J, Bucknall T, editors. Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice: Linking Evidence to Action. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. p. 109–36.
Google Scholar
Helfrich CD, Damschroder LJ, Hagedorn HJ, Daggett GS, Sahay A, Ritchie M, et al. A critical synthesis of literature on the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework. Implement Sci. 2010;5:82.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Michie S, Atkins L, West R. A guide to using the Behaviour Change Wheel. London: Silverback Publishing; 2014.
Google Scholar
Fixsen DL, Naoom SF, Blase KA, Friedman RM, Wallace F. Implementation Research: A Synthesis of the Literature. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute; 2005.
Google Scholar
Holmes BJ, Finegood DT, Riley BL, Best A. Systems Thinking in Dissemination and Implementation Research. In: Brownson RC, Colditz GA, Proctor EK, editors. Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 192–212.
Google Scholar
Légaré F, Ratté S, Gravel K, Graham ID. Barriers and facilitators to implementing shared decision-making in clinical practice. Update of a systematic review of health professionals’ perceptions. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;73:526–35.
PubMed Google Scholar
Johnson M, Jackson R, Guillaume L, Meier P, Goyder E. Barriers and facilitators to implementing screening and brief intervention for alcohol misuse: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. J Public Health. 2011;33:412–21.
CAS Google Scholar
Verweij LM, Proper KI, Leffelaar ER, Weel ANH, Nauta AP, Hulshof CTJ, et al. Barriers and facilitators to implementation of an occupational health guideline aimed at preventing weight gain among employees in the Netherlands. J Occup Environ Med. 2012;54:954–60.
PubMed Google Scholar
Broyles LM, Rodriguez KL, Kraemer KL, Sevick MA, Price PA, Gordon AJ. A qualitative study of anticipated barriers and facilitators to the implementation of nurse-delivered alcohol screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for hospitalized patients in a Veterans Affairs medical centre. Addiction Sci Clin Pract. 2012;7:7.
Google Scholar
Dopson S, Fitzgerald L. The Active Role of Context. In: Dopson S, Fitzgerald L, editors. Knowledge to Action? Evidence-Based Health Care in Context. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. p. 79–103.
Google Scholar
Ashton CM, Khan MM, Johnson ML, Walder A, Stanberry E, Beyth RJ, et al. A quasi-experimental test of an intervention to increase the use of thiazide-based treatment regimens for people with hypertension. Implement Sci. 2007;2:5.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mohr DC, VanDeusen LC, Meterko M. Predicting healthcare employees’ participation in an office redesign program: attitudes, norms and behavioral control. Implement Sci. 2008;3:47.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Scott SD, Plotnikoff RC, Karunamuni N, Bize R, Rodgers W. Factors influencing the adoption of an innovation: an examination of the uptake of the Canadian Heart Health Kit (HHK). Implement Sci. 2008;3:41.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zardo P, Collie A. Predicting research use in a public health policy environment: results of a logistic regression analysis. Implement Sci. 2014;9:142.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gabbay J, Le May A. Evidence based guidelines or collectively constructed “mindlines”? Ethnographic study of knowledge management in primary care. Br Med J. 2011;329:1–5.
Google Scholar
Fishbein M, Ajzen I. Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behaviour. New York: John Wiley; 1975.
Google Scholar
Bandura A. Self-efficacy: towards a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychol Rev. 1977;84:191–215.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bandura A. Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Cognitive Social Theory. Englewood-Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1986.
Google Scholar
Triandis HC. Values, Attitudes, and Interpersonal Behaviour. In: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation; Beliefs, Attitude, and values: 1979. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press; 1979. p. 195–259.
Google Scholar
Ajzen I. Attitudes, Personality and Behavior. Milton Keynes: Open University Press; 1988. **FÖRSVINNER.
Google Scholar
Nilsen P, Roback K, Broström A, Ellström PE. Creatures of habit: accounting for the role of habit in implementation research on clinical behaviour change. Implement Sci. 2012;7:53.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hammond KR. Principles of Organization in Intuitive and Analytical Cognition. Boulder, CO: Center for Research on Judgment and Policy, University of Colorado; 1981.
Google Scholar
Benner P. From Novice to Expert, Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley Publishing; 1984.
Google Scholar
Epstein S. Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious. Am Psychol. 1994;49:709–24.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ouelette JA, Wood W. Habit and intention in everyday life: the multiple processes by which past behaviour predicts future behaviour. Psychol Bull. 1998;124:54–74.
Google Scholar
Verplanken B, Aarts H. Habit, attitude, and planned behaviour: is habit an empty construct or an interesting case of goal-directed automaticity? Eur Rev Soc Psychol. 1999;10:101–34.
Google Scholar
Eccles MP, Hrisos S, Francis JJ, Steen N, Bosch M, Johnston M. Can the collective intentions of individual professionals within healthcare teams predict the team’s performance: developing methods and theory. Implement Sci. 2009;4:24.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Parchman ML, Scoglio CM, Schumm P. Understanding the implementation of evidence-based care: a structural network approach. Implement Sci. 2011;6:14.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cunningham FC, Ranmuthugala G, Plumb J, Georgiou A, Westbrook JI, Braithwaite J. Health professional networks as a vector for improving healthcare quality and safety: a systematic review. BMJ Qual Saf. 2011. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2011-000187.
Mascia D, Cicchetti A. Physician social capital and the reported adoption of evidence-based medicine: exploring the role of structural holes. Soc Sci Med. 2011;72:798–805.
PubMed Google Scholar
Wallin L, Ewald U, Wikblad K, Scott-Findlay S, Arnetz BB. Understanding work contextual factors: a short-cut to evidence-based practice? Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2006;3:153–64.
PubMed Google Scholar
Meijers JMM, Janssen MAP, Cummings GG, Wallin L, Estabrooks CA, Halfens RYG. Assessing the relationship between contextual factors and research utilization in nursing: systematic literature review. J Adv Nurs. 2006;55:622–35.
PubMed Google Scholar
Wensing M, Wollersheim H, Grol R. Organizational interventions to implement improvements in patient care: a structured review of reviews. Implement Sci. 2006;1:2.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gifford W, Davies B, Edwards N, Griffin P, Lybanon V. Managerial leadership for nurses’ use of research evidence: an integrative review of the literature. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2007;4:126–45.
PubMed Google Scholar
Yano EM. The role of organizational research in implementing evidence-based practice: QUERI series. Implement Sci. 2008;3:29.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
French B, Thomas LH, Baker P, Burton CR, Pennington L, Roddam H. What can management theories offer evidence-based practice? A comparative analysis of measurement tools for organizational context. Implement Sci. 2009;4:28.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Parmelli E, Flodgren G, Beyer F, Baillie N, Schaafsma ME, Eccles MP. The effectiveness of strategies to change organisational culture to improve healthcare performance: a systematic review. Implement Sci. 2011;6:33.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chaudoir SR, Dugan AG, Barr CHI. Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: a systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures. Implement Sci. 2013;8:22.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Orlikowski W. Improvising organizational transformation over time: a situated change perspective. Inform Syst Res. 1994;7:63–92.
Google Scholar
DiMaggio PJ, Powell WW. The New Institutionalism and Organizational Analysis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1991.
Google Scholar
Scott WR. Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1995.
Google Scholar
Plsek PE, Greenhalgh T. The challenge of complexity in health care. BMJ. 2001;323:625–8.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Waldrop MM. Complexity: The Emerging Science at The Edge of Order and Chaos. London: Viking; 1992.
Google Scholar
Rogers EM. Diffusion of Innovations. 5th ed. New York: Free Press; 2003.
Google Scholar
Aubert BA, Hamel G. Adoption of smart cards in the medical sector: the Canadian experience. Soc Sci Med. 2001;53:879–94.
Google Scholar
Vollink T, Meertens R, Midden CJH. Innovating ‘diffusion of innovation’ theory: innovation characteristics and the intention of utility companies to adopt energy conservation interventions. J Environ Psychol. 2002;22:333–44.
Google Scholar
Foy R, MacLennan G, Grimshaw J, Penney G, Campbell M, Grol R. Attributes of clinical recommendations that influence change in practice following audit and feedback. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55:717–22.
PubMed Google Scholar
Oxman AD, Thomson MA, Davis DA, Haynes RB. No magic bullets: a systematic review of 102 trials of interventions to improve professional practice. CMAJ. 1995;153:1423–31.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Grimshaw J, McAuley LM, Bero LA, Grilli R, Oxman AD, Ramsay C, et al. Systematic reviews of effectiveness of quality improvement strategies and programmes. Qual Saf Health Care. 2003;12:298–303.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Walter I, Nutley SM, Davies HTO. Developing a taxonomy of interventions used to increase the impact of research. St. Andrews: University of St Andrews; 2003. Discussion Paper 3, Research Unit for Research Utilisation, University of St. Andrews.
Leeman J, Baernholdt M, Sandelowski M. Developing a theory-based taxonomy of methods for implementing change in practice. J Adv Nurs. 2007;58:191–200.
PubMed Google Scholar
Estabrooks CA, Derksen L, Winther C, Lavis JN, Scott SD, Wallin L, et al. The intellectual structure and substance of the knowledge utilization field: a longitudinal author co-citation analysis, 1945 to 2004. Implement Sci. 2008;3:49.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Klein KJ, Sorra JS. The challenge of innovation implementation. Acad Manage Rev. 1996;21:1055–80.
Google Scholar
Zahra AS, George G. Absorptive capacity: a review, reconceptualization and extension. Acad Manage Rev. 2002;27:185–203.
Google Scholar
Weiner BJ. A theory of organizational readiness for change. Implement Sci. 2009;4:67.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Michie S, van Stralen MM, West R. The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement Sci. 2011;6:42.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
May C, Finch T. Implementing, embedding and integrating practices: an outline of Normalization Process Theory. Sociology. 2009;43:535.
Google Scholar
May C, Finch T, Mair F, Ballini L, Dowrick C, Eccles M, et al. Understanding the implementation of complex interventions in health care: the normalization process model. Implement Sci. 2007;7:148.
Google Scholar
Finch TL, Rapley T, Girling M, Mair FS, Murray E, Treweek S, et al. Improving the normalization of complex interventions: measure development based on normalization process theory (NoMAD): study protocol. Implement Sci. 2013;8:43.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Murray E, Treweek S, Pope C, MacFarlane A, Ballini L, Dowrick C, et al. Normalisation process theory: a framework for developing, evaluating and implementing complex interventions. BMC Med. 2010;8:63.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Glasgow RE, Vogt TM, Boles SM. Evaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions: the RE-AIM framework. Am J Public Health. 1999;89:1322–7.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Green LW, Kreuter MW. Health Program Planning: An Educational and Ecological Approach. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005.
Google Scholar
Proctor E, Silmere H, RaghaVan R, Hovmand P, Aarons G, Bunger A, et al. Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Admin Policy Mental Health. 2011;38:65–76.
Google Scholar
Phillips CJ, Marshall AP, Chaves NJ, Lin IB, Loy CT, Rees G, et al. Experiences of using Theoretical Domains Framework across diverse clinical environments: a qualitative study. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2015;8:139–46.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fleming A, Bradley C, Cullinan S, Byrne S. Antibiotic prescribing in long-term care facilities: a qualitative, multidisciplinary investigation. BMJ Open. 2014;4(11):e006442.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
McEvoy R, Ballini L, Maltoni S, O’Donnell CA, Mair FS, MacFarlane A. A qualitative systematic review of studies using the normalization process theory to research implementation processes. Implement Sci. 2014;9:2.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Connell LA, McMahon NE, Redfern J, Watkins CL, Eng JJ. Development of a behaviour change intervention to increase upper limb exercise in stroke rehabilitation. Implement Sci. 2015;10:34.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Praveen D, Patel A, Raghu A, Clifford GD, Maulik PK, Abdul AM, et al. Development and field evaluation of a mobile clinical decision support system for cardiovascular diseases in rural India. JMIR mHealth uHealth. 2014;2:e54.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Estabrooks CA, Squires JE, Cummings GG, Birdell JM, Norton PG. Development and assessment of the Alberta Context Tool. BMC Health Serv Res. 2009;9:234.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
McCormack B, McCarthy G, Wright J, Slater P, Coffey A. Development and testing of the Context Assessment Index (CAI). Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2009;6:27–35.
PubMed Google Scholar
Damschroder LJ, Lowery JC. Evaluation of a large-scale weight management program using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR). Implement Sci. 2013;8:51.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dyson J, Lawton R, Jackson C, Cheater F. Development of a theory-based instrument to identify barriers and levers to best hand hygiene practice among healthcare practitioners. Implement Sci. 2013;8:111.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Melnyk BM, Fineout-Overholt E, Mays MZ. The Evidence-Based Practice Beliefs and Implementation Scales: psychometric properties of two new instruments. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2008;5:208–16.
PubMed Google Scholar
Nilsson Kajermo K, Boström A-M, Thompson DS, Hutchinson AM, Estabrooks CA, Wallin L. The BARRIERS scale—the barriers to research utilization scale: a systematic review. Implement Sci. 2010;5:32.
Google Scholar
Jacobs SR, Weiner BJ, Bunger AC. Context matters: measuring implementation climate among individuals and groups. Implement Sci. 2014;9:46.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gagnon M-P, Labarthe J, Légaré F, Ouimet M, Estabrooks CA, Roch G, et al. Measuring organizational readiness for knowledge translation in chronic care. Implement Sci. 2011;6:72.
May C. Towards a general theory of implementation. Implement Sci. 2013;8:18.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Michie S, Abraham C, Eccles MP, Francis JJ, Hardeman W, Jonston M. Strengthening evaluation and implementation by specifying components of behaviour change interventions: a study protocol. Implement Sci. 2011;6:10.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Oxman AD, Fretheim A, Flottorp S. The OFF theory of research utilization. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005;58:113–6.
PubMed Google Scholar
Bhattacharyya O, Reeves S, Garfinkel S, Zwarenstein M. Designing theoretically-informed implementation interventions: fine in theory, but evidence of effectiveness in practice is needed. Implement Sci. 2006;1:5.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fletcher GJO. Psychology and common sense. Am Psychol. 1984;39:203–13.
Google Scholar
Cacioppo JT. Common sense, intuition and theory in personality and social psychology. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2004;8:114–22.
PubMed Google Scholar
Kuhn TS. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd ed. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press; 1970.
Google Scholar
Greenwald AG, Pratkanis AR, Leippe MR, Baumgardner MH. Under what conditions does theory obstruct research progress? Psychol Rev. 1986;93:216–29.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Page 2
Category
Description
Examples
Process models
Specify steps (stages, phases) in the process of translating research into practice, including the implementation and use of research. The aim of process models is to describe and/or guide the process of translating research into practice. An action model is a type of process model that provides practical guidance in the planning and execution of implementation endeavours and/or implementation strategies to facilitate implementation. Note that the terms “model” and “framework” are both used, but the former appears to be the most common
Model by Huberman [40], model by Landry et al. [41], model by Davies et al. [43], model by Majdzadeh et al. [44], the CIHR Model of Knowledge Translation [42], the K2A Framework [15], the Stetler Model [47], the ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation [48], the Knowledge-to-Action Model [13], the Iowa Model [49,50], the Ottawa Model [51,52], model by Grol and Wensing [53], model by Pronovost et al. [54], the Quality Implementation Framework [27]
Determinant frameworks
Specify types (also known as classes or domains) of determinants and individual determinants, which act as barriers and enablers (independent variables) that influence implementation outcomes (dependent variables). Some frameworks also specify relationships between some types of determinants. The overarching aim is to understand and/or explain influences on implementation outcomes, e.g. predicting outcomes or interpreting outcomes retrospectively
PARIHS [5,64], Active Implementation Frameworks [63,68], Understanding-User-Context Framework [62], Conceptual Model [17], framework by Grol et al. [22], framework by Cochrane et al. [59], framework by Nutley et al. [21], Ecological Framework by Durlak and DuPre [57], CFIR [60], framework by Gurses et al. [58], framework by Ferlie and Shortell [61], Theoretical Domains Framework [66]
Classic theories
Theories that originate from fields external to implementation science, e.g. psychology, sociology and organizational theory, which can be applied to provide understanding and/or explanation of aspects of implementation
Theory of Diffusion [107], social cognitive theories, theories concerning cognitive processes and decision making, social networks theories, social capital theories, communities of practice, professional theories, organizational theories
Implementation theories
Theories that have been developed by implementation researchers (from scratch or by adapting existing theories and concepts) to provide understanding and/or explanation of aspects of implementation
Implementation Climate [116], Absorptive Capacity [117], Organizational Readiness [118], COM-B [119], Normalization Process Theory [120]
Evaluation frameworks
Specify aspects of implementation that could be evaluated to determine implementation success
RE-AIM [124]; PRECEDE-PROCEED [125]; framework by Proctor et al. [126]
ACE Academic Center for Evidence-Based Practice, CFIR Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, CIHR Canadian Institutes of Health Research Knowledge, COM-B Capacity-Opportunities-Motivation-Behaviour, Conceptual Model Conceptual Model for Considering the Determinants of Diffusion, Dissemination, and Implementation of Innovations in Health Service Delivery and Organization (full title), K2A Knowledge-to-Action, PARIHS Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services, PRECEDE-PROCEED Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation-Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development, RE-AIM Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance.
