What is primigravida in pregnancy

Obstetrics Simplified - Diaa M. EI-Mowafi

High Risk Pregnancy

Definition

It is the pregnancy in which the mother foetus and / or newborn are at risk of morbidity or mortality during pregnancy, labour and/ or postpartum.

Incidence

About 20% of all pregnancies.

Causes

Maternal factors

  • Age: below 16 years or above 35 years particularly if the patient is primigravida.
  • Grand multiparity: 5 or more previous deliveries.
  • Habits: as heavy smoking, alcoholism or drug addiction.
  • Bad obstetric history:
    • Repeated abortion.
    • Repeated preterm labour.
    • Prolonged or difficult labour particularly if was ended by stillbirth or neonatal death.
    • Operative delivery as caesarean section or forceps.
  • History or current medical disorders:
    • Hypertension.
    • Diabetes.
    • Cardiac.
    • Renal.
    • Pulmonary.
    • Hepatic.
    • Anaemia.
    • Coagulation defects.
    • Haemoglobinopathies.
    • Serious infections as AIDS.
  • History of surgery or trauma:
    • Myomectomy.
    • Metroplasty.
    • Pelvic trauma.

Foetal factors

  • Malpresentations and malpositions.
  • Multiple pregnancy.
  • Antepartum haemorrhage.
  • Congenital anomalies.
  • Premature rupture of membranes.
  • Rh-isoimmunization.
  • Intrauterine growth retardation.
  • Macrosomia.
  • Poly - or oligohydramnios.
  • Post-term pregnancy.

Management

  • Frequent antenatal visits.
  • Management of the cause.
  • Monitoring of foetal well-being (see later).
  • Delivery in well - equipped hospital under senior staff supervision.

Elderly primigravida

Definition

Primigravida whose age is above 35 years.

Dangers

This woman is more liable to:

  • Hypertension with pregnancy.
  • Abruptio placentae.
  • Higher incidence of fibroid with pregnancy.
  • Post-term pregnancy.
  • Uterine inertia and prolonged labour.
  • Rigid perineum so instrumental deliveries are more needed.
  • More caesarean section delivery as the foetus is precious.

The grand multipara

Definition

Woman who had 5 or more previous deliveries.

Dangers

This woman is more liable to:

  • Anaemia.
  • Hypertension with pregnancy.
  • Diabetes. 
  • Placenta praevia.
  • Pendulous abdomen.          
  • Malpresentation and malposition.
  • Uterine inertia and prolonged labour.
  • Instrumental delivery and caesarean section are more needed.
  • Obstructed labour which may lead to rupture uterus due to:
    • higher incidence of malpresentations and malpositions,
    • pendulous abdomen,
    • weak uterine muscles,
    • some osteomalacic changes in the pelvis,
    • larger sized baby,
    • false sense of security due to previous normal deliveries.
  • Postpartum haemorrhage.

Links

  • Obstetrics, perinatology : Guidelines, reviews


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 [pri″mĭ-grav´ĭ-dah]

a woman pregnant for the first time; gravida I.

Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

, gravida Igravida II (grav'i-dă),

A pregnant woman. Gravida followed by a arabic numeral or preceded by a Latin prefix (primi-, secundi-, etc.) designates the pregnant woman by number of pregnancies; for example, gravida I, primigravida; a woman in her first pregnancy; gravida II, secundigravida; a woman in her second pregnancy. Compare: para.

[L. gravidus (adj.), fem. gravida, fr. gravis, heavy]

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

(prī′mə-grăv′ĭ-də)

n. pl. primigravi·dae (-dē′, -dī′)

A woman who is pregnant for the first time. Also called primipara.

The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Obstetrics A ♀ who is pregnant for the first time. See Elderly primigravida.

McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

(grav'i-dă)

A pregnant woman. Gravida followed by a roman numeral or preceded by a Latin prefix (primi-, secundi-, and so on) designates the number of pregnancies; e.g., gravida I, primigravida: a woman in her first pregnancy; gravida II, secundigravida: a woman in her second pregnancy. Also, gravida (or G) 1, 2, etc.
Compare: para

[L. gravidus (adj.), fem. gravida, fr. gravis, heavy]

Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012

A woman pregnant for the first time.

Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005

Q. What are the First Signs or Symptoms of Pregnancy? I think I might be pregnant. What are the first symptoms of pregnancy?

A. The first important sign of pregnancy is a missed menstrual period. It is extremely hard to know before that if the woman is pregnant. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, extreme fatigue or feeling faint, frequent urination, tender breasts, headache, heartburn, constipation and occasional spotting. The best way to know for sure is by a simple blood test to check the beta-HCG level, a hormone that its level goes up early in the pregnancy.

Q. What are pregnancy symptoms during the first week? My wife and I started trying to get pregnant 5 days ago. According to ovulation web sites we stated on the best day possible. Yesterday she complained about achy legs and feeling "weird." Also mild cramps. Are there symptoms for pregnancy that occur so quickly?

A. They can come after a week of conception but more likely 2-3 weeks. Here are all the symptoms in one page:http://www.americanpregnancy.org/gettingpregnant/earlypregnancysymptoms.html

Q. My wife is pregnant and she is now in the first trimester. Her queasiness is disturbing her a lot. My wife is pregnant and she is now in the first trimester. Her queasiness is disturbing her a lot. She calls it as morning sickness. Almost all the day she feels nauseated whether she vomits or not. But every day she will throw once to have some relief for some time. I worry that this sickness can harm the baby. She does not want to meet the doctor as she says it’s normal with everyone who is pregnant. But I am worried can anyone give some advice?

A. my advice to you is the nausea and vomiting is a common thing that happens in first trimester. but be careful if the nausea and vomiting become more often and worse, by that time you must go to a doctor to find some help and therapy. it is called hyperemesis gravidarum.

so, make sure that what happened to your wife is in normal range, and good luck with her pregnancy! stay healthy always..

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A study of pregnancy and delivery has been made in 299 white and Negro women 15 years of age and younger. Fifteen and seven-tenths per cent of the white patients and 70.4 per cent of the Negro patients stated that they were not married. Antepartal care was considered adequate in only 47.2 per cent of the patients.

The acute toxemias of pregnancy, which occurred in 17.7 per cent of the patients, were the most common major obstetrical complication. Labor and delivery were not influenced by the age of the patient. The perinatal mortality rate was 5.9 per cent and the prematurity rate was 17.4 per cent.

The frequency of complications was greater in the patients who were not married and who did not receive adequate care. The need for sex education and education for parenthood at an early age is stressed.

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