Basically, solubility increases with temperature. It is the case for most of the solvents. The situation is though different for gases. With increase of the temperature they became less soluble in each other and in water, but more soluble in organic solvents. Show PolarityIn most cases solutes dissolve in solvents that have a similar polarity. Chemists use a popular aphorism to describe this feature of solutes and solvents: "Like dissolves like". Non-polar solutes do not dissolve in polar solvents and the other way round. PressureSolid and liquid solutesFor majority of solid and liquid solutes, pressure does not affect solubility. Gas solutesAs for gasses the Henry's law states that solubility of gas is directly proportional to the pressure of this gas. This is mathematically presented as: p = kc, where k is a temperature dependent constant for a gas. A good proof of Henry's law can be observed when opening a bottle of carbonated drink. When we decrease the pressure in a bottle, the gas that was dissolved in the drink bubbles out of it. Molecular sizeThe larger the molecules of the solute are, the larger is their molecular weight and their size. It is more difficult it is for solvent molecules to surround bigger molecules. If all of the above mentioned factors ale excluded, a general rule can be found that larger particles are generally less soluble. If the pressure, and temperature are the same than out of two solutes of the same polarity, the one with smaller particles is usually more soluble. Stirring increases the speed of dissolvingStirring does not have an affect on solubility of a substance, but everyone knows that if he puts sugar in his tea and does not stir, it will not dissolve. Actually, if we left the tea to stand for a long enough time, the sugar would dissolve. Stirring only increases the speed of the process - it increases move of the solvent what exposes solute to fresh portions of it, thus enabling solubility. As molecules in liquid substances are in constant move, the process would take place anyway, but it would take more time. View Discussion Improve Article Save Article Like Article A solution is a liquid that is a homogeneous combination of one or more solutes and a solvent. A frequent example of a solution is sugar cubes added to a cup of tea or coffee. Solubility is the characteristic that allows sugar molecules to dissolve. As a result, the term solubility may be defined as a substance’s (solute’s) ability to dissolve in a particular solvent. A solute is any material that may be solid, liquid, or gas when dissolved in a solvent.
Properties of Physical Changes
Chemical Change
Properties of Chemical Changes
Solute: Solute is the substance that dissolves in a solvent to produce a homogeneous mixture. Solvent: Solvent is the substance in which a solute dissolves to produce a homogeneous mixture. Solute and solvent both can be gas, liquid or solid. For example, in a salt and water solution, salt is solute and water is solvent. Solubility and Solubility ProductSolubility is the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a certain quantity of solvent at a certain temperature. The factors affecting solubility depends on the state of solute and can be classified into the following are:
Solubility product is the maximum product of the molar concentration of the ions produced due to dissociation of the compound. At a given temperature the solubility product is constant. A low solubility product indicates lower solubility and vice versa. 1. Solubility of Liquid in liquid Depending on the concentration of solute dissolved in a solvent, solutes are classified into highly soluble, sparingly soluble or insoluble. If more than 0.1 g solute can be dissolved in a 100 ml solvent, it is called soluble. If it is less than 0.1 g, it is called sparingly soluble. A solution in which a particular amount of solute is completely soluble in a solvent at a given temperature is called a saturated solution while a solution where solute starts precipitating at a particular concentration at the same temperature is called a supersaturated solution. Factors affecting solubility are-
2. Solubility of solids in liquid When a solid solute is added to a solvent, solute particles dissolve in it by the process of dissolution. Solute particles in solution collide with one other which separates some of the particles from the solution. This process is called crystallization. A state of dynamic equilibrium is established between these two processes and at this point, the number of solute molecules entering the solution becomes equal to the number of particles leaving the solution which makes the concentration of the solute in the solution constant at a given temperature and pressure. Factors Affecting Solubility are-
3. Solubility of gases in liquid This concept deals with gas dissolving in a solvent. Gas solubility in liquids is greatly affected by temperature and pressure as well as the nature of the solute and the solvent.
Sample QuestionsQuestion 1: Explain the solubility of solids in liquid? Answer:
Question 2: Define solubility and classify it. Answer:
Question 3: Define Le Chatelier’s Principle. Answer:
Question 4: Define solubility product. Answer:
Question 5: Define Henry Law. Answer:
Question 6: Define dissolution and crystallization. Answer:
Question 7: Does temperature affect solubility? Answer:
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