O noivo e comparado com qual animal na biblia

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The International Quarterly for September-December, which is to continue the admirable work of the International Monthly, is in its style and list of contents one of the most attractive and important literary publications that has been given to this country. There are 230 pages in this first number, the pages are large, allowing for broad margins, and the typography is clear and pleasing. All of the articles are upon great themes and are written by writers of eminent authority.

Following is the complete list of contents: "Property Rights in Water," Elwood Mead; “The Two Idealisms," George Santayana ; "Religious Fusion," C. H. Toy; "Napoleon," Marc Debrit; “Cicero: An Interview," Robert Y. Tyrrell ; "The Egypt of To-day, J. W. Jenks; "National Art in a National Metropolis,” Will H. Low; “Zionism," Max Nordau ; "Hermannu Sdermann," Richard M. Meyer; "Héloïse," Henry O. Taylor ; " The Native States of India,” Sir W. Lee-Warner; “The Elective System, Historically considered," J. H. Robinson ; “The Quarterly Chronicle," J. B. Bishop, Our Work as a Civilizer, National Value of an Isthmian Canal.

Published at Burlington, Vt., at $4.00'a year.

The researches of Messrs Grensell and Hunt during the past season in the Fayûm brings us close to the Christian century. They have obtained a large collection of curious objects from the animal mummies--especially those of the sacred crocodile-belonging to the Ptolemaic and earlier Roman period. Among these are reeds giving the measurements of the deceased reptile-doubtless directions to the workmen who made the mummy case and wooden models of the creatures, one of which has a movable lower jaw. That, however, is not all—the mummy, whether animal or human, was wrapped in and padded with papyrus—"just as newspaper would now be used "-before it was enclosed in the outer cloth. But papyrus probably was not cheap, so that which had been written on was employed for the corpse.

Old documents serve as a breast-cloth or stuff the feet-covering of the dead.

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At the earnest request of the committee, Mr. Francis C. Foster, the former Treasurer, has consented to act as Treasurer of the moneys collected by the committee.

The committee believes that this new arrangement is full of promise for the future to us in this country, and confidently hopes not only that those who have hitherto been subscribers to the Fund will continue their subscriptions, but that many new contributions may be added to their number.

The Society's publication will be sent to annual subscribers of five dollars and over as heretofore. Respectfully yours,

WILLIAM W. GOODWIN, THEODORE M. DAVIS, EDWARD ROBINSON,

American GARDINER M. LANE,

Committee. THORNTON K. LOTHROP, JOHN ELLERTON LODGE,

Cheques may be sent to Francis C. Foster, Esq., Treasurer, 28 State St., Boston. All other communications should be ad. dressed to John Ellerton Lodge, Esq., Secretary of the Committee of the Egypt Exploration Fund, 8 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.

One of the most remarkable of the papyri rescued from Egypt is that edited by Professor Bruno Keil of Strassburg under the title of the “Anonymous Argentine nsis," "Frag. ments of the History of Athens," " of Perikles.” It preserves only 26 lines of text and these mutilated at the ends, but the contents are valuable because they consist of “ Varia His

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toria," evidently taken down by some student when reading the portion relating to the history of Athens in the fifth century B. C. from some very voluminous chronicle of Greece, or Attica. For the notes made are in respect of such incidental subjects as would only be likely to be recorded in a historical work which embraced the minutest particulars of the period it treated of.

Happily for us these memoranda concern the golden age of Athens under Perikles, and relate to a period also carefully commented upon in the newly recovered “Politeia" of Aristotle. It is quite possible that the work forming the basis for these extracts was the Atthis of Philochorus, a very prolix history of Attica, and Athens in particular, often referred to by the classics.

The first three lines are in Greek cursive writing, the remainder in Mucials. The missing letters and words have been restored as far as possible by Prof. Keil and M. Seymour de Ricci, and the general sense of the manuscript may be taken as correctly ascertained. The subject matter may be divided into 10 paragraphs as follows:

Works carried out upon the Acropolis at Athens, and commencement of the erection of the Parthenon.

2. Transport of the treasure of the League from Delos to Athens, B. C. 450-449, with a subsidiary note upon the building of a fleet, apparently connected with this embarkation.

3. Expedition of the Athenians.

4. The galley of Pheax, of which the writer gives us the name Epideixis.

5. Summary of the Peloponessian War, separating it into three periods, or campaigns : Those of Archidamus, and time, and Decelia and Sicily.

6. The termination of the war by the treason of Adeimantos in 405-404.

7. The alterations in the organization and administration of the State finances in 404-403.

8. Modifications in the organization of the Tribunals.

9. Suppression of the Nomophylaces; and the Archbishop of the year 404-403.

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“Hyksos themselves furnishing the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth dynasties ruling in Lower Egypt for a period of 511 years, probably called in and set upon the throne by others of their fellow-countrymen, who had previously acquired all the substance, the title only being wanting, of supreme power.

"In the earlier part of their dominion, to wit, in the fifteenth dynasty, Abraham probably visited Egypt, in the later times of their rule, to wit, in the seventeenth dynasty, Joseph was conveyed to Egypt as a prisoner and his brethren subsequently went down thither with five dynasties intervening, and more than that number of centuries between their so coming, and the arrival of the first procession of the thirty-seven persons.

“The Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews, for that is an abomination to the Egyptians,' and there is little doubt that one great cause of the unpopularity of the Syrian Hyksos arose from their adopting the cult of the deity Set almost exclusively to the neglect of other Egyptian gods, and thereby incurring the enmity of the powerful hierarchy resident in the sacred colleges at Thebes, and ultimately occasioning their own downfall thereby. Set is the Egyptian equivalent of the Syrian divinity Baal. Still it cannot be denied that in many of their acts towards the people they had thus subjected they adopted a course at once politic and conciliatory, for Set was a divinity previously worshipped in Lower Egypt, and it is no less likely that in recognition of this fact they fixed their kingly residence at Tanis, at Bubastis or at Xois, or at all these three places in succession, purposely selecting the Delta or some other place in Lower Egypt in preference to either Memphis or Thebes. After the restoration of native rulers in the person of Aahmes, first king of the eighteenth dynasty, we find Rameses II, who commanded the exposure of the infants, and his son Menepthah, on whom the plagues were inflicted, monarchs both of the nineteenth dynasty, residing at Memphis. The vice-royalty of Joseph has, I am aware, been supposed by some to have synchronised with the reign of Apepi, last Monarch of the Hyksos, defeated and succeeded by his own captain, Aahmes. Apepi, I may here mention, is the Apries, and Aahmes the Amasis of the Egyptian history of Herodotus, but if we adopt Brugsch's chronol. ogy for the Hyksos King Nubti, and the ordinarily received Biblical date for Joseph, we shall place the former at or about 1750 B. C., and the latter at 1730, only twenty years later. And between Nubti and the aforesaid Apepi came at least two intervening Hyksos monarchs, if not more, namely, Setaapehti and Setnebti, and their names are noticeable as incorporating that of the deity Seity, to whose cult they were specially addicted, just as it was the pride and practice of many of the native Egyptian sovereigns to style themselves Kheperka-ra, Rameses, etc., as supposed offspring of Ra the full orb of day, and like him, dispensing light, and warmth, and fruitfulness. If we study the testimony of Holy Writ carefully we shall not lack the corroboration of internal evidence as regards my statements. "The fame thereof was heard in Pharaoh's house, saying, Joseph's brethren are come, and it pleased Pharaoh well and his servants. A Hyksos ruler is on the throne. He welcomes the arrival of other Hyksos. 'If thou knowest any men of activity among them, then make them rulers over my cattle.'

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records are only secondary accounts. Even such an important matter as the name of Jehovah, we are told, can be traced to Babylonian sources, the name “Jahve-Ilu,” or “ Jehovah is God," being found as early as 2200 B. C., or some six hundred years before the days when God in Exodus is said to have revealed this name to Moses for the people of Israel.

Naturally this lecture of Delitzsch has called forth replies in great abundance. Professors Kittel of Leipsic, Hommel of Munich, Klostermann of Kiel, and others, are antagonizing Delitzsch, and (lefending the sui generis character of the oldest portions of the Book of Genesis. Professor Barth, in his lecture on “ Babel und israelitsches Religiouswesen,” records his dissent, and warns his readers against too hasty an acceptance of the derivation of Jewish religious institutions, as the Sabbath, etc., from the Babylonians or Assyrians. Professor Oettli, of Greiswold, in the Theol. Literaturbericht, takes practically the same position, urging his readers to be very cautious in accepting the radical conclusions of the Assyriologists. Professor Hommel, in an address delivered at the Eisenach religious conference, declares that Delitzsch's interpretation of the inscriptions is incorrect, and that the substance of the Old Testament records is not touched by his claims. Professor Kittle of Leipsic, in the Theol. Literatur Zeitung, charges Delitzsch with superficialty in drawing conclusions from insufficient premises, especially denying that he has found the name Jehovah in Old Babylonian inscriptions, citing as authorities against this claim the Assyriologists Hommel, Hilprecht, and Ranke.

A pamphlet by Professor Edward König of Bonn, contains some rather trenchant criticisms. He inverts the title to “ Bible and Babel," and aims to demonstrate that, notwithstanding the agreement between the old Babylonian and Hebrew stories, in reference to creation, deluge, etc., the latter nevertheless have those unique features which make them the object of divine revelation. In other words the best things in Israel's stories are not borrowed from Babylonian sources. He says: “That which is common to the Hebrews

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Billings, G. F., $5.00 Jewett, Rev. J. R.,

$2.50 Boies, H. M.,

5.00 Maitland, Alexander, Carter, Rev. James,

2.50 Merrill, Rev. George E., D. D., 2.50 Cohen, Charles J., 5.00 PATON, DAVID,

25.00 Crocker, Mrs. F. W., 5.00 Sugden, Eben,

5.00 Felter, L. W., 2.50 Williams, Rev. R. P.,

5.00 Halsey, A. W. 5.00 Wilson, Rev. J. R.,

5.00 Hyde, B. T. Babbitt, 5.00 Wood, Prof. Irving F.,

2.50 THEODORE F. WRIGHT,

Hon. Sec'y for U. S. 42 Quincy Street, Cambridge, Mass.

The Temples of the Orient and their Message, in the Light of Holy Scriptures, Dante's Vision, and Bunyan's Allegory. By the author of “Clear Round," “ Things Touching the King,” etc;

This interesting book is an effort on the part of the author to show what a study of the ancient records of Babylonia can throw upon our own sacred Scriptures. To this end Mrs. Gordon has brought together a great amount of material gathered from the temples, stone monuments and clay tablets of Babylonia which she compares with the text of the Old and New Testament, and shows that “in His marvellous Provi. dence God has opened His treasure-chambers of History and unveiled the Rock whence our Faith was hewn, and shows in the actual cradle preserved-against 'these last days'-almost intact among the ruins of the most ancient and revered Sanctuary upon earth, that of the House of El-lil' _'the Incomparable.'”

Says Mrs. Gordon, "This Mountain House,' built on the alluvial plains of Shinar, between the Tigris and Euphrates, was the greatest Pilgrim-shrine of antiquity, and from it radiated to east and west, north and south, the knowledge of the Great God and of His relationship to mankind, in the almost fabulous times of from five to seven thousand years prior to the Christian era, and nearly nine thousand years before our own time, the Dawn of the Twentieth Century.

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clinging to it, or the puerilities of superadded theological dogmatism and priestly discipline, but from the amount of pure, spiritual food it contains, also the practical help it gives towards righteous, happy living. We read in the Fravashis, "we worship the souls of the holy men and women, born at any time or in any place, whose consciences struggle, or will struggle, or have struggled for the goal."

Over 5000 years ago the sacred books of Egypt taught the unity and spirituality of God, a recognition of the Divine in nature, the feeling that the Deity is in all life, in all form, in all change, as well as in what is permanent and stable. In the oldest of the religious texts which have come down to us, dating from at least 3000 B, C., the doctrine of the immortality of the soul is a completed system with a long history of devel. opment behind it. We find also a belief in a future judgment, besides a morality of justice and mercy.

Many of the Vedic hymns rise to the present heights of moral consciousness, and faith in immortality is often expressed. In ancient Brahmanism its hymns and prayers, its epics, its philosophy, were all intensely spiritual, and the same tendency to spiritual worship exists unchanged in the Hindu mind to-day. Buddha, through his personal influence and his ability to speak to the heart, his unsullied purity, and the spirit of his life and work, inculcated a lofty system of morals which exerted a mighty influence upon millions of people, who were thus saved from the depths of barbarism, brutality, and selfishness. The religion of Zoroaster had in it sublime anticipations of truth which made it an elevating and salutary influence over the great nations professing it.

The religious doctrines of Babylonia, Egypt, India, and Persia, and the thoughts and aspirations of generations of people who had been blindly seeking after a higher and better life, are doubtless discovered in the philosophy and religion of Greece. In the beginning, religion, as well as philosophy, had to pass through a mythological period. They were founded at a time when science and methods of inquiry did not as yet exist. But with rare insight the ancient prophets and philosophers taught many moral truths, even in their imperfect form, which proved an invaluable source of solace and help in the tribulations of life.

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PROFESSOR GEORGE STEINDORFF, of the University of Leipsic, reports to the Sunday School Times the following account of a Greek letter from the time of the Persecution of the Christians under Diocletian :

Among the steadily increasing treasures of Egyptian papyri in the Greek and Coptic languages, to which we are already indebted for a multitude of early Christian literary products and valuable records, there is now found a new one of great importance,-namely, an original document dating from the time of the persecution of the Christians under Diocletian. This valuable Greek record-which, above all, also proves how much may be learned even from very meager details—has just been given to the public by Dr. Adolf Deissmann, professor at Heidelberg, under the title, Ein Original-Dokument aus der Diokletianischen Christenverfolgung, and is published by J. B. Mohr, Tübingen and Leipsic, 1902. The document is simply a letter. The presbyter Psenosiris informs the presbyter Apollon that a woman by the name of Politike, whom the government had sent into the oasis (the oasis El-Khargeh in the Lybian desert is meant), had been safely brought to him by the grave-diggers; that she was being cared for by these until the arrival of her son Neilos, and that if Apollon had any particular wishes regarding Politike he should let him know.

These scant details, on closer examination, put before us substantially the following picture: The period is that of the Diocletian persecution. By imperial decree, Christians are given the choice either to sacrifice to the emperor, or, for their refusal to do so, to suffer the confiscation of their property and banishment. Among the Christians brought before the governor is Politike. She has a son named Neilos, whom she fondly loves. The governor asks her to renounce her faith, but her faith is more to her than her temporal well-being, or even her dearly loved son. She will give up the latter rather than seem to be a hypocrite before God. The sentence of the governor is put into execution. Politike must leave house and home, child and kindred, and is sent on the wearisome and seemingly endless journey through the desert to the oasis. The name of the place at which the caravan arrives is Kysis. Here the soldiers, who accompanied Politike as a guard, announce her to the local officer, and now she is free. But whilst still undecided what to do, and not knowing, amid her strange surroundings, whither to turn, one by the name of Apollon approaches her, who immediately recognizes in the new arrival a fellow-believer. He belongs to that body of men especially honored in Egypt,—the grave-diggers. Christianity had also penetrated to these, and had found among them quiet but earnest and self-sacrificing adherents.

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PROFESSOR ALFRED WIEDEMANN has contributed to Vol. III of “Der alte Orient" an interesting article on the "Literature of the Ancient Egyptians." Very few are the fragments of popular songs extant in the descriptions on certain tomb. stones, whilst some love songs are preserved on papyri in London and Turin and on a stele in the Louvre Museum. Other works of a smilar kind contain philosophical reflections, the report of a journey, and a considerable number of legends, fables and fairy tales.

Homiletic Review, September: Light from the Monuments of the Times of Isaiah, Prof. A. H. Sayce-The Gothic Bible, Prof. T. W. Hunt.

Expository Times, July : Route from Haram to Shechem, S. R. Driver-Recent Biblical Archæology, A. H. Sayce.

Expository Times, August: The Decipherment of the Hittite Inscriptions, A. H. Sayce-Four Remarkable Sinai Manuscripts, M. O. Gibson. Orientalistische Litteratur-Zeitung, June : Eine ægyptische

Liste Kanaanäischer Eigennamen, W. Max Muller - Das ægyptische Set-Thier, A. Wiedemann-Ein neuer astrono. mischer Text auf einem demotischen Ostrakon, W. Spiegelberg

Biblical World, October : The Ancient “Circuit of Argob,” 111., Prof. G. L. Robinson.

A SUMMARY of the results of the excavations carried on by the late M. de Sarzec at Telloh has been contributed by M. Thurreau-Dangin to the “Comptes rendus" of the Paris Academy. The new finds are important for the chronological position of a number of Old Babylonian "rulers," or Kings, the inscriptions of whom are added in transliteration. As an Appendix the author has given a new rendering of the inscription of Adadmannar published in Vol. V of the Revue d'Assyriologie. The same scholar has also undertaken a translation of the long cylinder-inscription "A" of Gudea, the first installment of which will appear in the forthcoming number of the Zeitschrift für Assyriologie.

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Roman god, Janus, is it more likely that people believed they had seen a man with two faces, or that the double visage signified that this divinity looked backward and forward ? He stood at the beginning of the year, and was called the Opener and Closer. When he was thought of as opening all the four seasons, he was represented with four heads.

In other instances where the seasons of the year are to be represented they are symbolized by those animals of the Zodiac which are associated with the leading months of the four quarters. Beginning with the spring, these are now the Ram, the Crab, the Scales and the Sea-goat. Libra is an exception to the general animal character of the signs. Anciently the signs which led the seasons were the Bull, the Lion, the Scorpion and the Waterman; but the precession of the equinoxes has altered this, and it is four thousand years since it ceased to be the case. The Zodiac was at one time called the Beastiary; and it extends for eight degrees on either side of the ecliptic, the sun's annual path. The apparent motion of the sun, as the months go by, is through the signs, in the order-the Ram, the Bull, the Twins, the Crab, Lion, Virgin, Scales, Scorpion, Archer, Sea-goat, Waterbearer, Fishes. The path of the sun is associated with a serpent, which is thought of as lying all round the heavens and having its tail in its mouth. In this ring form, having no end or termination, but returning unto itself and beginning afresh, it is an emblem of the ceaseless years, and longer cycles of time, and eternity itself.

In the circle of the year, and in the making of a calendar, it is important to ascertain accurately the four cardinal pointsthe two equinoxes and the places of midsummer and midwinter. For the purpose of religious festivals the four points were important, and the Sun would have various symbols, according as he was identified with one or the other, or with several. In Egypt there were three aspects and names of the sun frequently spoken of; he was called Khepera at his rising, Ra in the meridian height, Tum at his setting. These names, I guess, may have served also to designate him as the god of spring, summer and autumn ; and for some ages they would suffice, as he was not yet acknowledged to be also the god of the winter quarter and the underworld. The great sphinx in the desert, near Cairo, appears to be a symbol of these three aspects of the sun united. In a dream the sphinx says to Thothmes, the King –“I am thy father Harmachis-Khepera, Ra, Tum." There were these three names for the deity, and there may have been three forms of worship, but this majestic symbolical sphinx combines them all. It seems to say, These three are one! The lion body of the sphinx probably had reference to the summer sun in Leo, in that day.

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ally, have relation to the use and meaning of this name El Shaddai. And it is the significance of this name, and his erroneous interpretation of the Scriptural passage, where this name is used, that he sets aside the names Jehovah and Elohim, and places El Shaddai as the only “True and Ancient Name of the Deity.” The passage reads as follows: “And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him, I am the Jehovah. And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac and unto Jacob by the name of El Shaddai ; but by my name Jehovah was I not known to them” (Exodus vi: 2, 3). And the following is Mr. Wood's interpretation and criticism of the passage :

“ This is what God Himself says His name is, and was, and by which He was known to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. And you see it excludes all the Masorete names, Jehovah, Jehovih, Elohim and Adoni."

This absurd inference is drawn from the passage in face of the fact that the being who makes the above declaration says, “I am Jehovah." And is based upon a misunderstanding and consequent misinterpretation of the last clause, “but by my name Jehovah was I not known to them.” The true meaning of this clause, and of the two words translated "not known," is simply this, they did not know the import of the name Jehovah and its prospective relation to their present and future history and race. We have the same declaration made and nearly in the same words in relation to the second generation which followed the time of Joshua. This is what Judges says of the people : “They buried Joshua and all that generation : and there arose another generation after them, which knew not Jehovah (Judges ii: 10), meaning the following generation backslided and followed other gods than Jehovah.

Mr. Wood's erroneous contention that Abraham, Isaac and Jacob did not know nor worship Jehovah, and that God was not known to them by any other name than El Shaddai, is contradicted by almost every chapter relating the histories of the three patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.

Abraham built an altar and called upon the name Jehovah, three times repeated (Gen. xii: 8, xiii: 4, xiii: 18). Jehovah

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putable truisms, he has no right to ask, whether his principle is right or wrong, his reasoning logical and conclusive ; in short, whether he creates a correct conception or a misconception of the issue.

All Dr. Winckler allows the critic to investigate is : Has the lecturer having the task to entertain his audience resp. his readers interestingly on Babel and Bibel, has he performed this task irrespective of the scientific correctness or incorrectness of the substance and argumentation, has he performed it cleverly and well, or awkwardly and badly.

And, indeed, on this consideration Delitzsch deserves all the praise he receives.

His discourse is eminently interesting. He never puts his readers to any inconvenience of hard thinking, his style is light and elegant. Beautiful illustrations adorn the little pamphlet. Paper, printing, the whole getting up of the book is excellent.

In all these respects “Bibel und Babel can bear no comparison with “ Babel und Bibel." Koenig's sketch is a dry, scientific dissertation, his style heavy, paper and printing are poor, illustrations are wanting, the only cut of some cuneiform signs appears indeed as an artless scribbling. Koenig's “Bibel und Babel” would hardly awake interest for Assyriological questions as Delitzsch's “Babel und

“ Babel und Bible" did. Nobody who is not already interested in the issue would take the trouble to study such a dissertation.

But back to Dr. Winckler's recension. A considerable part of the article is taken up by an explanation of some question. able, far-fetched illustrations to Biblical texts, which have no connection either with “Babel u. Bibel" nor with “Bibel u. Babel," but W. is evidently very much in love with these " discoveries" of his own and as "our whole exegesis of the Old Testament is always silent when it comes to the point tú really illustrate something that is to be explained,” these excursus must needs be excused, although the new light that W. in his enthusiasm casts upon the Bible makes things look rather awkward when viewed with the sober coolness of the “old school."

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"What I have said to you is really all there is to it"-is this not disingonuous in answering the question what caused my removal as Vice-President?

The full causes leading up to the reorganization of the American Branch are not given here ; they are known to several eminent local secretaries and members, who are convinced that propriety and justice are on my side, and that I was right in stating to the London Committee either that my authority as Honorary Secretary must be maintained, or I appoint the office secretary; or, that there must be a committee here. 'Look out who captures that committee," said Dr. Hayes, Ward, of the Independent, to me last spring. I know nothing of furtive methods in all my labors for the Fund (1883-1902)only open, honest, manly dealings and ways.

A statement why I could not try longer to conduct* the affairs of the office of the American Branch may yet have to be made. For the cause of the Fund, I hope not. I needed

*Sir John Fowler, President, to the editor of BIBLIA, February 14, 1897: “Not a single member of the London Committee would wish that any arrangement should be made in America which had not Dr. Winslow's entire approval."

Sir E. M. Thompson, presiding at the annual meeting, November 10, 1897: “The London Committee (is) ever anxious that the American Branch should be administered in accordance with the wishes of American subscribers.”

Honorary Secretary J. S. Cotton wrote to Dr. Winslow, April 23, 1897: “I must assure you of the good will which all the members of the Fund in England entertain towards you for your single-handed and enthusiastic services for the prosperity of the Fund in the United States, dating from the first organization under Miss Amelia B. Edwards. In particular I wish to convey to you my absolute conviction that the London Committee never contemplated, and never will contemplate, any arrangement by which you will cease to be Vice-President."

The official circular of the London Committee in 1899 states : “From its foundation, the Egypt Exploration Fund has received large pecuniary support from the United States, chiefly through the enthusiasm and energy of the Rev. Dr. W. C. Winslow of Boston."

Two extracts furnish a keynote to the troubles which have led up to the formation of a committee in Boston. President Evans wrote to me of the Secretary, November 23, 1901 :

" Mrs.

appears to me to entirely misapprehend her position.” Honorary Treasurer H. A. Grueber, the official oldest in service, wrote to me of her, on January 27, 1902 : “Her game is to minimize your authority, and finally to crush you."

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Subscriptions to the Egypt Exploration Fund, the Archs aological Survey Fund and the Græco.

Roman Branch. To the Editor:

The following subscriptions from October 7 to November 20, are gratefully acknowledged : Agnew, C. R.,

$5,00 Jewett, Miss Sarah Orne, $10.00 ALDRICH, Mrs. HERMAN D., 30.00 Kingsley, C. W., .

5.00 ANDREWS, Mrs. G. B., 25.00 Keep, Mrs. Chauncey,

5.00 ARNOLD, Howard C., 25.00 Keys, Miss Mary E.,

5.00 Bigelow, Rev. Dana W., 5.00 LANE, GARDNER, M.,

25.00 Bow DoIN, Mrs. Geo. S., 25.00 Lapsley, David,

5.00 Bowdoin, Miss Edith G., 25.00 LAUGHLIN, G. M.,

25.00 Buchanan, Mrs. Caroline, 5.00 Mather, Mrs. Samuel L.,

5.00 Boies, H. M., 5.00 Merriam, Miss Annie L.,

5.00 Blackstone, Mrs. T. B., 5.00 Miller, Geo. N.,

5.00 BAGGALEY, RALPH, 25.00 Ogden, O. B.,

10.00 Butler, Miss H. C., 5.00 Pyne, Taylor,

5.00 CLARK, E. W., 25.00 Penfield, Miss Annie,

5.00 Curtis, Geo. M., 5.00 Royer, Galen B., .

10.00 Cheney, Mrs. Ednah D., 5.00 Richmond, Wm. P.,

5.00 CROZER, Sam. A., . 25.00 Shipman, Nath., .

5.00 DAVIS, THEO. M., 50.00 Stetson, Amos,

5.00 Durrell, Rev. J. M., 5.00 Stevenson, John, .

5.00 Ferguson, Miss Eleanor, 5.00 Sheldon, Mrs. Henry K., 5.00 Gordon, Leonard J.,

5.00 Sears, Mrs. P. H., Griffin, Mrs. Herman, . 5.00 Turner, Mrs. E. C.,

5.00 Goodwin, Prof. W. W., 5.00 Tuckerman, Mrs. Lucius, 5.00 GARDNER, Mrs. A, P., 25.00 Tower, Mrs. Caroline A.,

5.00 Hawes, Alex. G., 5.00 Verplanck, Philip,

5.00 Hadley, Arthur T., 5.00 Whittemore, Prof. Thomas,

5.00 Howland, Miss Emily, 5.00 Watrous, Prof. George D., .

5.00 Jackson, Mrs. John B., 5.00 Worcester, Wm. L.,

5.00 JESSUP, Morris K., 25.00 Wistar, Mrs. Jones,

5.00 Jennings, Miss Annie B.,

5.00

Clark, E. W., $25.00 McKean, Fred. K.,

$5.00 Mather, Mrs. Samuel, 5.00 Pyne, Taylor,

5.00 ARCHÆOLOGICAL SURVEY FUND. ANDREWS, Mrs. G. B., $25.00 Curtis, George M.,

$5.00 Bigelow, Rev. Dana W., 5.00 Penfield, Mrs. J. N.,

5.00 CLARK, E. W., 25.00 Pyne, Taylor,

5.00 FRANCIS C. Foster, Honorary Treas. Office Egypt Exploration Fund, 28 State Street, Boston.

Page 16

mountain features except in its western part. The northern part of the Gobi, however, for about 200 miles southward, is crossed from east to west and from northwest to southeast by mountains and ranges of hills, among whose valleys Mongols, with their herd of camels, are occasionally found.

This part of the Gobi is easy of access, and is crossed by many routes provided with wells containing sweet or slightly brackish water. The central part of the Gobi is hilly in the northern portions and sandy in the south. It was crossed successfully by Kaznakoff with the assistance of the Mongols. The southern part is a barren desert, covered with sand. Here all the riding horses died for want of grass. .

The third field of exploration was the Kam, as the littleknown and mountainous eastern part of Tibet is called. Being under the influence of the monsoons from the Indian Ocean, it is rich in rainfall, which feeds the mighty rivers that have their source on the plateau. Great ranges of snow-clad mountains, with many lower ranges and deep river valleys, and narrow gorges between them, characterize the Kam. Further west, where the surface of the plateau becomes even higher, it is less mountainous, the dryness of the climate progressively increases, and grass is supplanted by a gravelly desert.

On the road to Tsamdo the party was attacked by a military detachment of Tibetans, who were repulsed after a sharp fight. Representatives of the Lhasa authorities, however, implored the Russians not to enter the monastery of Tsamdo, which is one of the great sanctuaries of Tibet. The explorers accordingly turned east and wintered in the warm, wooded valley of the Ra-Chu, a tributary of the Mekong. Here meteorological and astronomical observations were made, aumerous specimens of the flora and fauna were collected, and many materials relating to the history and ethnography of the Tibetans. The country was explored as far eastward as the monastery Derghe-gonchen.

The population of this part of Tibet is partly settled and partly nomad. The settled inhabitants have their houses and farms in the valleys and gorges, where they grow cereals up to an altitude of 12,000 feet. The nomads pitch their black tents in the region of the Alpine meadows, whose upper limits are some 3,500 feet higher than the limits of the agricultural zone. The settled population, living better than the nomads, occupy houses of small logs or wickerwork covered with clay, usually two to three stories in height—the lower floor for the cattle, and the others for the inhabitants, and also for grain and hay storage. The dress of both sexes is sheepskin, though in summer the richer folk wear a sort of woolen dressing gown.

Page 17

IMP(erator)

CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG(ustus Pontifex) Maximus) TRIB(unicia) Potestate) (VIII) (im)Perator) XIIX (p(ater) p(atriae)] CO(n)S(ul) IIX. DESIG(natus) IX Titus) IMP(erator) CAESAR AVG(usti) (r(ilius) TRIB(unicia) P(otestate) V(II) CO(n)S(ul) V[I desig. (natus) VII)

From a monument at Tell el. Ashari, in the Hauran, Syria ; see Ganneau, Quarterly Statement, Palestine Exploration Fund, 1902,

[υπερ της αυτοκρατορ]ος Τιτου Φλαυνι[ow Ove](σ)π(α)[σιανούσεβαστού σιν]τηριου Απολλ(οφα)νης Δ.]

"For the health of the Emperor Titus Flavius Vespasianus Augustus Apollophanes, son of Diogenes, the father of the city, has ser up this altas at his own expense, out of piery to Jupiter most high."

Texts of soldiers from Amwas, Nicopolis, in judea, alınost certainly of AD. 68 10 70, during Jewish War. Revue Biblique, 1897, p. 131

C. Vibaus Firmus miles legionis quintae Macedonicae centuriae Pollionis Beneficiarius . militavit annis duodeviginti. vixit annis quadriginta . hic situs est . Saccia Primigenia coniugi suo faciendum curavit. Also Revue Biblique, 1898, p. 270:

Lucius Sabinius Amasio miles legionis V Macedonicae ., centuria stimini annorum XXV militavit.

Texts from Gerasa, probably of soldiers engaged at its capture by L. Annius, General of Vespasian, A.D. 68. Revue Biblique, 1900, pp. 432 and 434 :

Jul ... Val Tenes Optio Ala I Thracum Augusta. The same site :

(Υπέρ τες....) Σεβαστ(ων) σιστηριας Φλαουιας Μακερί..... τον Απόλλωνα τη πατριδι ανέθη χεν.

Text of Flavius Macer. Another : - 01 Adxx(vo) Adxxou viov Ku(piva) Kepolloxov.

Of Titus Flavius Cersilochus. On a temple at Kom-Ushim. See Fayoum Towns, p. 33:

Υπέρ Αυτοκράτορος Καίσαρας Ουεσπασιανον Σεβαστού και του παντος αυτου οίκου πνεφιρώτι και πετεσούχω και τους συννάοις θεοις μεγίστοις το διπνητήριον ηγουμένου álva)on

τυχή επείφι re

Page 18

G. Loring of Boston, and of the Rev. E. A. A. Hoffman of the Episcopalian Theological Seminary in New York.

In reviewing the year's work, Sir John first dealt with Professor Petrie's discoveries among the Royal Tombs and the Temenos of Osiris, at or near Abydos. The results, published for the most part, yielded one more name to the list of kings before the First Dynasty ; and many worked flints of various shapes had gone to illustrate this prehistoric period in the museums of England and America. A special extra publication detailing work carried out by Messrs. McIver aud Mace at El Amrah and Abydos was also announced, and the great activity at present displayed throughout the civilized world in matters Egyptological was pointedly dwelt upon. Next, Sir John spoke of the Archæological Survey, and of Mr. Davies' fac-simile work, which has this year supplied important omissions in and given connection to the scene of the tomb of Merry Ra, the largest and finest in the northern cliff near Tell el-Amarna. Mr. Davies also visited Thebes, and secured a complete record of the important tomb of a Theban magnate, Aba. This tomb, and the small ones of the southern group, are the subject of the first volume of Deir el-Gabrâwi, in the publication of the Survey. The second volume will give the remaining tombs, identifications by an expert (Mr. Boulenger) of the fishes there sculptured, and a chapter by Mr. Crum on the Coptic graffiti. This will clear the docket of the Survey. It's next, year's memoir is “already far advanced," and of exceptional interest because of its display of " the art of the heretic period in all its strangeness." A strong appeal for more adequate support for this department of the work was then in order.

Sir John next turned to the labors and publications of the Græco-Roman Branch, adverting to the large volume of Tebtunis Papyri just placed in the hands of subscribers as representing their subscriptions for the years 1900-'01 and 1901-'02. “We are indebted," he said, " to the University of California, which provided the funds for the excavation, for the necessary number of volumes (at an agreed price) to supply our subscribers." These papyri were obtained from the wrappings of mummified crocodiles disinterred at Umm el-Baragât in the Fayoûm, and Drs. Grenfell and Hunt enjoyed the help of Mr. J. G. Smyly in their decipherment. The documents ranged from 120 to go B. C.-a few coming down to B. C. 56. There were three fragments of anthologies or epigrams, and an extract from the second book of the Iliad (eighty lines); but the bulk of the volume consisted of political and economical documents of the later Ptolemaic period, ordinances of Euergetes II. and Soter II., official letters and local petitions. Of these last, one concerned a burglary by which a robe and tunic belonging to the petitioner's mother were feloniously appropriated. They were valued at one talent, 4,000 drachmas, and at 4,000 drachmas. “Strange as it may seem, there were dining-clubs in those days, of the accounts of which portions are forthcoming. The members at each dinner were usually about twenty in number, and each paid 100 drachmæ, exclusive of wine, bread, and garlands. The names of the guests, usually about four, are given on a separate list." Finally, after a reference to Appendix II., with its conclusion that, for the second century B. C., the accepted view that the ratio of a silver to a copper drachma was 120 to I must yield to a ratio varying from 500 to i to 375 to 1, and, after intimating that this newly established ratio would make the petitioner's valuation of his mother's stolen attire a less exorbitant one, Sir John offered his congratulations to the learned decipherers of these papyri. It may not be amiss to advert here to the circumstance that the generous American subscriptions to the Fund have not been at all proportionately given to the Græco-Roman branch. The value of these papyri to classical learning is so great that it seems not unreasonable to expect those interested in the classics to come forward generously in the future.

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Her time of 'bearing came. She gave birth to a male child.

They caused Setme to know it ; (and) he named him Se-Osiris, according to what was said in the dream.

Here we have in both passages a most striking parallelism with the Gospel narrative. The passage may be quoted from Mt i: 20-22. 24. I have placed in italics the parallels.

“But when he (Joseph) thought upon these things, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife : for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost. And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call His name Jesus: for He shall save His people from their sins."

Here also we may quote v. 24: “And Joseph rose from his sleep and did as the angel of the Lord commanded him, and

unto him his wife : and knew her not till she had brought forth a son: and he called His name Jesus."

It is also necessary to quote a passage from the Gospel of St. Luke, as it throws considerable light upon the comparisons we may institute.

In the Annunciation as described by St. Luke we have again the naming of the child, for we read, “Behold, thou

' shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call His name Jesus." Then follows (1, 35), "That which is to be born shall be called holy, the Son of God." Incidentally, we have also a parallelism with the naming and birth of St. John the Baptist as described by St. Luke.

Without pushing these comparisons too far, there are some points of interest to be noticed. From the few fragments of the commencement of the papyrus and also a passage near the end, we learn that the birth of Se.Osiris was of the nature of a miraculous conception. Se-Osiris, who was with his father Osiris in Amenti, saw the trouble that was being placed upon Egypt by wicked musicians who would bring “shame upon the land of Kemi." Now in Egyptian theology shame (betes) is the equivalent of sin; as in the Book of the Dead, chapter

+Very similar circumstances attend the birth of the Coptic Saint Shenadi, as described in his Life by M. E. Amélineau, Les Moines Egyptiens Vie de Schnoudi, p. 15 et seq.

Page 20

The superiority of learning of Se-Osiris agrees with that ascribed to Jesus in the "Gospel of the Infancy."

A word must be said as to the name of the hero, Se-Osiris. It means, as I have said, “the son of Osiris ;" but as I have shown, the legend points clearly to his being a miraculous birth, and an incarnation. Throughout the papyrus, Osiris is always called “the god" (pa neter), or “the great god ” (pa neter, aa), and is really the only god who appears prominently, both Anubis and Thoth, who appear in the judgment scene in Amenti, being inferior to him. So that Se-Osiris becomes a very close equivalent of “the Son of God,” or “the Son of the God.” We must remember, as Amélineau says, the Egyptian Christians never entirely abandoned their own creed. He says: “Isis or Horus lost none of their popularity ; Anubis remained always the one who conducted the souls of the dead to the supreme judge Osiris, and he Thoth was still the supreme recorder. The Christian Hell did not change in any way anything of the Egyptian Hell, it was always Amenti in the west of Heaven.” So that we have in this papyrus all that might have been gathered from an Egyptian Christian and utilized by the story-teller.

It is important to notice that all the matter affords parallels with the writings of St. Matthew and St. Luke, but there is no contact with St. Mark. The part which describes the visit of Se-Osiris and his father to Amenti contains a curious parable resembling that of the “Rich man and Lazarus," again in touch with St. Luke, and also teaching as to the judgment and future life quite different from the ordinary eschatology of the Egyptians. But to deal with this portion, which is of great value, would require the study of several important new inscriptions. In conclusion, we have here, within twenty years of the mission of St. Mark, folk tales which present most striking parallels to the Gospel writings, and which, so far as we know, occur nowhere previously in Egyptian literature. It is very tempting to see in them the first echoes of the preaching of the Christian faith in the land where it made its earliest and greatest conquests. (Expositor.)

W. St. CHAD. BOSCAWEN.

Page 21

We have in Gezer a long, narrow hill-top extending about 500 feet from east to west, but very much narrower from north to south. The central portion is lower than the ends. It is at the eastern end that the out-cropping stone invited excavation, and here Mr. Macalister began by running a wide trench across the hill, laying bare the underlying rock. This at once brought him into the midst of most important discoveries and showed him the oldest part of the city, which is certainly older than the Israelite occupation. Indeed, Gezer may not have much light to throw on the early Israelite period, for it was destroyed by Joshua, and it lay in that border country where the Israelite power never made itself felt. The King of Egypt would not have gone up and captured Gezer and given it to his daughter, Solomon's wife, and Solomon would not then have proceeded to fortify it unless it had been virtually outside of his jurisdiction at the time of Israel's greatest power.

Mr. Macalister believes that the Israelite period of Gezer's history is represented by the structures on the western hill, and of these we shall hear later. Of what has been already uncovered we read under the headings of the city wall, the Temenos or high place, the flint implements, the copper and bronze objects, those of iron and bone, the pottery, the evidences of trade, the traces of religious worship, objects relating to food and dress, and especially the tombs and modes of cremation and burial.

No summary can be attempted where every sentence is a summary, but a few points may be mentioned in the hope of inducing our readers to send at once for the Quarterly Statement of October last and so make themselves informed of its whole contents. The similarity between finds made here and at Lachish is pointed out in connection with the recorded fact that Gezer went to the assistance of Lachish in Joshua's time, as if especially affiliated with it. And the excavations more recently made are also drawn upon, showing that we are accumulating details of increasing significance. The flints show a very early period, but numerous small objects made of bronze were found. The small extent to which iron was found shows that its use had not become extensive. As usual the pottery deserves the closest study; there are stamped jar handles with Hebrew and Greek inscriptions, finger marks and interesting decorations. Trade, of course, was especially with Egypt. The divinity seems to have been of the cow type. There are evidences of the sacrifice of young children, so often mentioned in the Bible.

Page 22

In this case the soft steel is in the interior, while in the Egyptian tool the soft bronze is on the outside. The sheathing, unlike the central core, is of a laminated texture. The surface which separates the two alloys is marked by a black oxide, often stained with verdigris. The two alloys were separated and after cleaning were found to have different densities. The envelope, although more oxidized, gives d=5.33 and the core d=5.18. This anomaly showed that the former is richer in copper than the latter, as was proved by analysis. If a part of the tool is reduced by hydrogen near 500 deg. C. the envelope takes a red copper-color and the interior a buff-yellow. The following shows the composition of the bronzes which composes the two parts. After cleaning the alloys were first reduced by the blowpipe and found to lose in each case about 15 per cent. of oxygen and 3 or 4 per cent. of carbonic acid, sulphur, chlorine, etc. Then followed the analysis of the reduced metal :

Envelope. Central portion. Oxygen,

1.65

1.60 Chlorine and sulphur,

0.80

traces. Iron, Lime and potassa,

0.70

0.15 Tin,

13.30 Copper,

84.60 The hard bronze thus contains less copper and considerably more tin than the soft. The presence of chlorine and sulphur is due to the earth in which the tool had been buried. The lime and potash seem to come from the ashes of the fire which melted the alloy, for after reducing the powdered metal by hydrogen and treating with boiling water the solution sometimes turns red litmus to blue. The lime is thus in the free state and the potash in the form of carbonate.

Says the Literary Digest: Those who study the Oriental languages and literature as philologists and not as theologians, are in many respects the most impartial judges of the merits of modern Old Testament criticism. The leading problem of the day in this department of criticism is the relation of the religion of Israel to that of Babylonia. Delitzsch, of Berlin, in his famous brochure “Babel and Bibel," laid down the proposition that Israel drew on Babylonian sources for its leading religious thoughts and even for the name and worship of Jehovah.

Page 23

the Commissioner of the German Orient Society, was ordered to find the pyramid and sepulchre of this King. The excel. lent results obtained by him are now shown in the Museum. Among numerous objects Borchardt found in the temple the beautiful head of a lion, which he pronounced a master work of the period. Of great interest is also a granite pillar, which at one time was in the court of the temple with fifteen others.

This pillar is the oldest one of a kind which was much used in the older Egyptian architecture. Numerous reliefs representing the King Ne-Weser-re, and which decorated the walls of his temple, are worthy of attention. Of great interest are the mummies of priests, in excellent state of preservation. Several articles found near their coffins are also worthy of attention, for example, four ships intended to serve the departed on their voyage over the heavenly waters. That these pyramids were also used for burial places in Greek times is shown by an Egyptian coffin in the Berlin Museum. A Greek must have used it, for it contained papyrus, the work of a Greek poet, Timotheus of Milet, now only known by name.

RECENTLY at the Temple Israel, Chicago, Dr. Emil G. Hirsch declared his absolute disbelief in the first chapter of Genesis, and bade his congregation discard it as an article of faith.

“Religion, biology and astronomy," he declared,“ have each given evidence that makes it impossible to believe that the world was created in six days. It is impossible also to give serious consideration to the efforts that have been made to reconcile science and religion.

“All nations," said Dr. Hirsch, "have their own ideas of the creation of the world, and in every case the creation has been ascribed to their favorite gods. The world has gradually advanced from polytheistic to monotheistic ideas, and there is no doubt that the first chapter of Genesis is simply a relation by some Jewish writer of stories told by the Babylonians which the Jews had carried from their captivity in Babylon 600 years before Christ."

Page 24

most important men of the nome, or district. The name Aurelius, Aurelia was very common in Egypt in the fourth century.

The Greek text of this singular deed is now appearing in the Decennial Publications of the University. A translation of it runs as follows:

“Aurelius Silvanus, son of Aces, his mother being Thermouthis, aged about sixty years, scar on the forefinger of the left hand, from the colony of Diodorus of the great Hermopolite nome, to Aurelius Asclepiades, son of Adelphius, exmagistrate and councillor of most splendid Hermopolis, greeting

“I acknowledge having sold to you and registered by this agreement made in duplicate, from henceforth forever the unimproved land belonging to me by lawful cession of Kopreus, by an old transfer, together with the ruins of a house on an unenclosed piece of ground in its present condi. tion, on the existing foundations, together with the part of (i. e., interest in) a well pertaining thereto and the other appurtenances and all entrances and exits pertaining thereto, in the aforesaid Hermopolis, on the Square of the Guard looking westward in the street Asynkretius; its neighbors being on the south and east yourself the grantee, on the north and west public streets; at the price mutually agreed upon of one hundred silver talents, coin of the emperors, which I have here received in hand in full, and I acknowledge that with you the grantee and your legal representatives belongs the title and control of the old house granted to you as aforesaid, as well as of the unimproved land, to be used and dealt with in whatever way you choose from henceforth forever ; while on me the grantor rests the absolute and unrestricted warranty that neither I nor any one claiming under me shall on any account in any wise interfere with you, the grantee or with your legal representatives under this conveyance; and if I interfere or fail to carry out the warranty let the transfer be void, and I, or whoever interferes with you the grantee or your legal representatives shall pay in addition both the

Page 25

damages and expenses and by way of penalty on my part as a personal obligation double the price, and to the public treasury the like amount; the deed of sale, which I hand over to you in duplicate as deposited in the public archives, to be none the less valid. I hereby agree to the proposed registration, and being interrogated as to thus duly and properly making these payments, I make acknowledgment.

"In the consulship of the most illustrious Antonius Marcellinus and Petronius Probinus, Pharmouthi 6. I, the aforesaid Aurelius Silvanus, have made the conveyance and received the price in full, and I will warrant the conveyance and I agree to the proposed registration as aforesaid. I, Aurelius Melas, son of Didymus, have written for him as he is illiterate. (Second hand) Aurelius Pinoution, writer of contracts drawn through me."

The method of identification employed, viz., by age, parentage, scar and place of residence, is the ordinary one used in papyri of the Ptolemaic, Roman and Byzantine periods. The personal descriptions are sometimes much more explicit, e. 8., in an unpublished Ptolemaic deed of the year 129 B. C., now in the Cairo Museum, land is made over to one “Petosiris, son of Horus, of middle height, dark complexioned, smooth shaven, long faced, straight nosed, with a scar on the right wrist"-phrases recalling the personal descriptions required on American passports.

The deed was prepared in duplicate and it is an interesting and significant coincidence that both forms have been preserved. I am not aware that it was customary to deposit both copies in the public archives. The fact that so many papyri dealing with Asclepaides have been preserved, suggests that his own official position lead to the mixing of his private papers with documents of the archives, so that it is not certain that both copies of the deed necessarily lay from the first in the archives.

After indicating the sources of the title—“lawful cession of Kopreus"—the instrument proceeds to specify certain incorporeal hereditaments appertaining to the land,-rights in a neighboring well and rights of way, the latter indicated by the formula frequently in legal papyri, and probably copied into this doed from the conveyancer's model form. The land is next described, not by metes and bounds, but by owners on south, east, north and west, in the ordinary Egyptian manner. The number of acres is here omitted, though it is often specified in such papyri. The consideration is set at one hundred talents, good and lawful money.

Page 26

the suggestion of Dr. Bliss that it may be the Mareshah, which was the home of the prophet Micah, Dr. Peters has rendered an abundant service already, but we are encouraged to beliove that there is more to follow of similar researches made on the spot.

A most valuable suggestion has been made in Jerusalem topography by a brief note in a recent number of the Quarterly on the name of the Tyropoeon or Cheesemaker's Valley.

This suggestion is that the “brick-kiln " of II Sam. uel xii : 31, is in Hebrew malben, and that hero we have the word “laban,” the Arabic sour milk or fresh cheese. This brings us at once to the idea that David, who had already tortured the Ammonites, did not bring them through a brickkiln-an impossible conception—but through the pathway of the market, probably very much as Roman Imperial conquerors led their captives through the Via Sacra of the Forum. It is certainly true that malben does sometimes mean mortar, and we see that mortar and soft cheese might be designated by the same term, but “brick-kiln" would be inadmissible.

The London office has decided to report subscriptions once a year, but this of course does not change my method of forwarding subscriptions thither each month, and sending a receipt by return mail to the subscriber and a quarterly list to Biblia. Subscriptions for 1903 are now due and are needed by the Fund at once.

The following receipts since last report are gratefully acknowledged : Bassett, Rev. A. B., $2.50 Lowry, Miss R. S.,

$5.00 Bickmore, Prof. A. S., 5.00 Morrow, Dr. James,

2.50 Blakeslee, Rev. F. D., D. D., 2.50 Osborn, Mrs. H. S.,

5.00 CLARK, E. W., 25.00 Peters, Rev. John P.,

5.00 Coxe, E. BRINTON, 25.00 Sage Library,

2.50 Curtiss, Prof. Samuel I., 2.50 Stewart, Prof. D. L.,

5.00 Giltman, Henry, 2.50 Thompson, J. A.,

2.50 Gisborne, Francis H.,

2.50 Wood, Frank, Hyde, F. E., Jr., 5.00 Wood, Mrs. Frank,

5.00 Leeds, Rev. S. P.,

2.50

THEODORE F. Wright, 42 Quincy St., Cambridge, Mass. Hon. Sec'y for U. S.