Explain why the world population has grown very rapidly as discussed in Chapter 6 of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography.

Activity (Page 64)

Question 1. Look at Fig. 6.2 and find out: of these countries how many are in Asia? Colour them on a world map. Answer:

Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource Exercise Questions and Answers

Question 1. Answer the following questions. (i) Why are people considered a resource? Answer:

People are considered a resource due to their demands, capacities, and capabilities to create new resources.

(ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world? Answer:

Causes of uneven distribution of population in the world:

• Geographical causes: Topography, climate, water, minerals, soil.
• Cultural causes: Religion, culture, language, caste, etc.
• Economic causes: Employment opportunities, industries, transport, and communication.

(iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why? Answer:

The world population has grown very rapidly because of the development in medical science which has caused a decrease in the death rate. Since lesser people die now of diseases than before, whereas there was no way to decrease the birth rate, the population has increased at a fast rate.

(iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change. Answer:

By population composition, we mean the structure of population in respect of age, sex, occupation, religion, language, etc.

(v) What is meant by population composition? Answer:

A population pyramid is a pictorial way to describe the population composition. The shape of the population pyramid of a country is indicative of a lot of information about the country. The size towards the bottom may be used to estimate the birth rate, while the size towards the top to estimate the death rate.

(vi) What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding the population of a country? Answer:

(1) Population pyramid is the graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.

(2) The shape of the population pyramid help us to know about the people living in that particular country. The numbers of children (below 15 years) are shown at the bottom and reflect the level of births. The size of the top shows the numbers of aged people (above 65 years) and reflects the number of deaths. The population pyramid also shows that how many dependents are there in a country.

Question 2. Tick the correct answer. (i) Which does the term population distribution refer to? (a) How population in a specified area changes over time. (b) The number of people who die in relation to the number of people born in a specified area. (c) The way in which people are spread across a given area. Answer:

(c) The way in which people are spread across a given area.

(ii) Which are the three main factors that cause population change? (a) Births, deaths, and marriage. (b) Births, deaths, and migration. (c) Births, deaths, and life expectancy. Answer:

(b) Births, deaths, and migration.

(iii) In 1999, the world population reached (a) 1 billion (b) 3 billion (c) 6 billion Answer:

(c) 6 billion

(iv) What is a population pyramid? (a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population. (b) When the population density of an area is so high that people live in tall buildings. (c) Pattern of population distribution in large urban areas. Answer:

(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.

Question 3. Complete the sentences below using some of the following words. sparsely, favourable, fallow, artificial, fertile, natural, extreme, densely. When people are attracted to an area it becomes _________ populated. Factors that influence this include _________ climate, good supplies of _________resources and _________ land. Answer:

When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated. Factors that influence this include favourable climate, good supplies of natural resources, and fertile land.

Activity

Question 4. Discuss the characteristics of society with ‘too many under 15 s’ and one with ‘too few under ’15 s’. [Hint: the need for schools, pension schemes, teachers, toys, wheelchairs, labour supply, hospitals.] Answer:

A society with too many under 15s

1. The number of children is more.
2. To provide them education more schools are required.
3. The demand for materials required in schools like blackboards, chalks, tables, benches will be more.
4. The demand for stationery items like pens, pencils, erasers, notebooks, textbooks will be more.
5. More parks are required for them to play.
6. The requirement of teachers will be more.
7. The toy industry needs to be expanded.
8. More children also ensure the supply of young, spirited, and skilled labour supply for the future.

A society with too few under 15s

1. The government needs to invest in the construction of old age homes.
2. For old age people more hospitals, doctors, nurses, medical equipment are required.
3. Pension schemes need to be launched for old age people.

• Uneven topography – Mountainous or plateau region are sparsely populated while plains are densely populated as they are suitable for various economic activities such as farming, manufacturing and tertiary activities, etc.
• Climate – People like to live in mild climatic regions and avoid extreme climates. Thus, very hot like Sahara desert and very cold like Antarctica are sparsely populated.
• Soil – Fertile plains like Ganga- the Brahmaputra in India, Hwang Ho in China- are densely populated.
• Water – People prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available.
• Minerals – Areas rich in mineral deposits are densely populated. The Discovery of oil in the Middle East lead to the settling of people in this area.

Question 1(3). The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?

Answer:
The world population has grown very rapidly due to

• Better food supplies.
• Medical facilities.
• The rapid increase in natural growth rate.

Question 1(4). Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change?

Answer:
(1) The population change occur due to changes in the number of births and deaths. In the early 1970s, the population was 3 billion. In 1999, less than 30 years later the population doubled to 6 billion. This change occurs mainly due to a rapid increase in the natural growth rate. Besides, better food supplies and medicine were other reasons.

(2) Population size also gets affected due to migration. The population of the USA increased due to immigration while the population of Sudan decreased due to emigration.

Question 1(5). What is meant by population composition?

Answer:
A population pyramid is a pictorial way to describe the population composition. The shape of the population pyramid of a country is indicative of a lot of information about the country. The size towards the bottom may be used to estimate the birth rate, while the size towards the top to estimate the death rate.

Question 1(6). What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding the population of a country?

Answer:

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(1) What does the term population distribution refer to? (a) How population in a specified area changes over time. (b) The number of people who die in relation to the number of people born in a specified area.

(c)The way in which people are spread across a given area.

2. Which are the three main factors that cause population change? (а) Births, deaths, and  marriage

(b) Births, deaths, and migration

3. In 1999, the world population reached
(a) 1 billion (b) 3 billion

(c) 6 billion

4. What is a population pyramid?
(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population. (b) When the population density of an area is so high that people live in tall buildings.

(c) Pattern of population distribution in large urban areas.

Question 3.
Complete the sentences below using some of the following words.
sparsely, favourable, fallow, artificial, fertile, natural, extreme, densely When people are attracted to an area it becomes …………………………………. populated. Factors that influence this include…………………………………… climate; good supplies of…………………………………… resources and ……………………. land.

Answer:

• When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated
• Factors that influence this include favourable climate, good supplies of natural resources, and fertile land

Question 4.
Activity    Discuss the characteristics of society with ‘too many under 15s’ and one with ‘too few under 15s’.

Hint: the need for schools; pension schemes, teachers, toys, wheelchairs, labour supply, hospitals.

Answer:

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