Which statement best expresses the fate of instinct approaches to motivation within mainstream psychology in the early 21st century?

______refers to the factors that direct and energize The behaviors of humans and other organisms

Dr Schmidt studies the factors that direct and energize The behaviors of humans and other organisms. Dr Schmidt studies:

Declan, a PhD candidate, tells his undergraduate students organization that his dissertation research is in the area of motivation. Declan is investigating:

The factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms

When psychologist first tried to explain motivation, they turned to:

Inborn biologically determined patterns of behavior are called:

With which of the following early psychologists is instinct theory most strongly associated

Which of the following is NOT among the shortcomings of instinct approaches to motivation?

Instinct approaches can account only for phychological motivations, not psychological ones

Which of the following statements best expresses the fate of instinct approaches to motivation within mainstream psychology?

Instinct approaches to motivation still plays a role in certain theories, especially those based on evolutionary approaches that focus on our genetic inheritance

The first two theoretical approaches to motivation that attained prominence in the history of modern psychology were

The instinct approach, then the incentive approach

Drive reduction approaches first appeared in the psychology of motivation in the:

Drive reduction approaches to motivation are:

Theories suggesting that a lack of some basic biological need produces a a drive to push an organism to satisfy that need.

Which approach to motivation is CORRECTLY paired with a behavior to which it is especially appropriate?

Motivational tension that energizes behavior to fulfill a need is termed a(n):

Why do drive-reduction approaches fail to offer a complete account of human motivation?

People are sometimes motivated to increase rather than decrease their level of stimulation.

Dr. LaGrange is skeptical of drive theories of motivation. Which of the following behaviors is he most likely to cite to justify his skepticism?

To which of the following behaviors is drive theory LEAST applicable?

Does drive theory offer a comprehensive account of motivation? Why or why not?

No. Drive theory offers a satisfactory explanation of physiological motives, but fails to account for more psychologically oriented motives.

A built-in tendency to regulate bodily conditions

When blood pH becomes overly acidic, respiration and kidney function change to bring the acidity back to its normal pH level of 7.4. What does this process best exemplify?

The arousal approach to motivation suggests that:

if levels of stimulation and activity are too low, we will try to increase them by seeking stimulation.

How do arousal approaches to motivation differ from drive-reduction approaches?

Arousal approaches suggest that we are sometimes motivated to increase rather than decrease our level of stimulation.

"Human behavior is varied and often seems unpredictable; also, people sometimes seek out extremely stimulating situations and activities." This statement is most likely that of a proponent of _____ theories of motivation.

Of the following individuals, whose behavior may most easily be explained using an arousal approach to motivation?

Artie, who loves to bungee jump

Incentive approaches to motivation are:

theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals.

Motivation theorists refer to rewards we seek to obtain as:

Insanity is a(n) _____ term.

It is best to view abnormal behavior and normal behavior as:

marking two ends of a continuum.

Researchers have found that several neurotransmitters play a role in depression. This fact most directly affirms the _____ perspective on mood disorders.

Which of the following perspectives on abnormal behavior assumes that physiological causes are at the root of psychological disorders?

Which perspective on abnormal behavior primarily argues that psychological disorders stem from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression?

Psychoanalytic perspective

Psychoanalytic treatment typically involves:

examining early childhood experiences.

Which of the following correctly identifies either a strength or a limitation of the psychoanalytic perspective on abnormality?

Limitation: There is no conclusive way to link childhood experiences with abnormal adult behavior.

The behavioral perspective asserts that the underlying cause of abnormality is:

The difference between the psychoanalytic perspective and the behavioral perspective on abnormal behavior is that:

the behavioral perspective views the abnormal behavior itself as the problem.

The greatest strength of the behavioral perspective is its:

objective approach for examining behavior.

According to the cognitive approach, psychological disorders are the result of:

maladaptive thinking patterns.

The primary goal of treatment using the cognitive perspective is to:

explicitly teach adaptive ways of thinking.

The humanistic perspective in psychology is primarily associated with the work of:

The humanistic perspective emphasizes the:

responsibility people have for anomalies in their own behavior.

Which of the following supports the sociocultural perspective on abnormality?

African-Americans are more likely than whites to be hospitalized involuntarily for psychological disorders.

Of the following perspectives, which is MOST likely to take a strong "nurture" position on the origin of psychological abnormality?

The sociocultural perspective is most likely to view _____ as a possible cause of abnormal behavior.

Which of the following perspectives on psychological abnormality is CORRECTLY matched with its strength?

Cognitive - Focuses on thoughts, not just behaviors

Which of the following perspectives on psychological abnormality is CORRECTLY matched with its weakness?

Humanistic - Relies on vague, philosophical theories

Which DSM-IV-TR axis is correctly identified?

IV - Psychosocial and Environmental Problems

With respect to the DSM-IV-TR, Axis I is to Axis _____ as clinical disorders are to _____.

III; general medical conditions

Which DSM-IV-TR category of clinical disorders is CORRECTLY paired with an example?

Dissociative disorders - Fugue

The purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to:

provide descriptions of disorders.

On the basis of the results of Rosenhan's study, which of the following is the most accurate evaluation of the DSM-IV-TR's system of classifying psychological disorders?

Rosenhan's results are worrying, because they suggest that diagnostic labels strongly affect how behavior is perceived.

DSM-IV-TR relies most heavily on the _____ approach to abnormal behavior.