- Meal should be eaten 2-4 hours before the competition begins
- Most energy comes from eating meals during this time frame
- Food needs 1-4 hours to fully digest and absorb into the body
- The bigger the meal the more time needed for digestion
- Optimally the pre-event meal should consist of 500-1000 calories, which should come from a variety of food sources
- Foods should be high in carbohydrates & starch (easier for the body to breakdown and digest)
- Liquid meals can be used 20-30 minutes before competition
- Liquids are easily digested by the stomach rather than solid foods
- Experiment with different foods and timing during the training phase
- DO drink lots of fluids especially water before competition to keep the body hydrated
- Do not eat a meal high in fat or protein (takes longer for the body to breakdown these two substances)
- Do not drink carbonated or caffeinated drinks (may cause indigestion or stomach discomfort)
- Caffeine is a diuretic, which causes the body to become dehydrated
- Eating sugary or simple sugars (candy, honey) before competition may hinder performance
- Avoid concession stand foods before competition, which are high in fat and take the body longer to digest causing stomach discomfort or nausea.
Pre-Event Example Meal (3-4 hours before):
- Fresh fruit and vegetables
- Baked potato
- A bagel, cereal with low-fat milk, low-fat yogurt
- Sandwich with small amounts of peanut butter or lean meat
- 1-2 cups of cold water or sports drink
Post-Event Meals
- Important for daily work outs and sport activity
- Eat 15-30 minutes after competition has ended
- A liquid meal can be used in place of solid food 15-30 minutes after competition (easily digested and absorbed by the body)
- This time frame is when the body is most receptive to energy replacement techniques
- Eating a full meal 2-4 hours post-event help with the recovery period
- Well balanced meal high in carbohydrates (main energy source)
- Eat meals high in carbohydrates but also include minimal amounts of protein and fatty foods
- The amount of calories needed to refuel the body depends on duration of event, body size and expended energy
- Rehydrating the body after competition is a main priority
- Drink 2 cups of water for every pound lost during competition or until urine is clear
- Drinking cool water lowers core body temperature
Post-Event Example Meal
- Tuna or turkey sandwich
- Fresh fruit and vegetables
- Cheese and crackers
- 1-2 cups fruit juice
- 1-2 cups cold water
- Bowl of cereal with low-fat milk and toast with jelly
Many parents are confused about what their child should eat in terms of a pre-game meal.
A pre-game meal is important because:- Although a meal eaten before exercise doesn't provide immediate energy, it can provide energy when your child exercises for longer than an hour.
- The carbohydrate in the meal raises blood glucose levels to provide energy for working muscles.
- The food also keeps your child from feeling hungry and weak, which can hurt athletic performance.
When eating before training or competition, follow these guidelines:
When To Eat
1 to 4 hours before training or competition:
- Allows enough time for food to empty the stomach.
- Exercising with a nearly full stomach can cause indigestion, nausea, and vomiting
How Much
Adjust the size of the meal depending on timing: reduce the carbohydrate and calorie content of the meal the closer it is consumed to exercise:
- 4 hours before exercise: a large meal (700 to 800 calories)
- 1 hour before exercise: a small meal (300 to 400 calories)
Foods To Eat
Familiar (tested in training), well-tolerated (easily digestible), and enjoyable (to encourage eating) carbohydrate-dense foods are best: they provide the quickest and most efficient source of energy and are rapidly digested.
Foods To Avoid
- Fatty foods, such as many popular breakfast foods (bacon, sausage and cheese). The reason: they slow emptying of stomach, which may make your child feel sluggish and heavy.
- High-fiber foods, especially bran. They can cause stomach cramps and the need for a bathroom break during exercise;
- Gas-forming foods, such as beans and onions.
- Extremely salty foods (bacon and sausage) that can cause your child to retain fluids and feel bloated.
- Untested foods or fluids because they could result in severe indigestion and impaired performance.
What To Drink
- Sports drinks. For fluid guidelines, click here.
- Commercially formulated liquid meals (Gatorpro or Sustacal etc.). Their fluid and carbohydrate content make them a desirable meal choice before competition or during day-long competitions (swim and track meets, tennis, volleyball and wrestling tournaments).
- Homemade liquid meals (mix 1% nonfat milk, fruit and nonfat dry milk powder - or "instant breakfast" powders - in a blender; for variety add cereal, yogurt, and vanilla or chocolate flavoring; add sugar or honey for additional sweetness and carbohydrate.
What Not To Drink
- Caffeinated beverages (coffee, tea, some sodas and energy drinks) that can cause agitation, nausea, muscle tremors, palpitations and headaches that can impair performance and, because caffeine is a diuretic, can contribute to dehydration and reduced endurance in hot weather.
In this article, we will discuss the Nutrition for Athletes: Best Foods to Eat and When to Eat Them.
You’ve worked hard in the gym, you’ve been eating right, and you’ve been killing it in practice all week—now it’s time to get into the game.
But just because you’ve been fueling up correctly and training at your best doesn’t mean you can just eat whatever you want on game day. No matter what sport you’re playing, your body needs to have the proper athlete nutrition to power you through any competition—especially the big ones.
“As an athlete—professional or amateur—nutrition is a full time gig,” says Ryan Turner, R.D., C.S.S.D., C.D.N., sports dietitian at New York University and Top Balance Nutrition in New York City. “Pre-game nutrition should be viewed as supplemental to the fueling you do throughout the rest of the day. Depending on your sport, you should be able to enter the game with enough stored energy for a full 60 minutes.”
Two big points of focus when it gets close to game time? Carbs and water. “Depending on how much time you have before you step into the game, this is a great time to ‘top off’ your energy stores,” says Turner.
But what’s really the best way to get your nutrients? And when exactly should you chow down before a game so you don’t get a stomach cramp? Here’s Turner’s play-by-play timeline for optimal pre-game nutrition.
Don’t eat everything on the list before the game, of course—it’s intended as a guide to food choices depending on how much time you have and how hungry you are.
Nutrition for Athletes Before Game Time
“Eat a bigger meal with plenty of fluids, especially water,” says Turner. “An athlete’s plate should be half full of starch, a quarter protein, and a quarter non-starchy vegetables.
With more than 2 hours before game time, I suggest having a more substantial meal. You have more time to digest and relax. I always suggest Mexican food or a sandwich—but without high-fat dips and spreads like guacamole, sour cream, or mayo.”
Meal Options:
- 6-8 oz. of lean protein – Grilled chicken, turkey, or fish
- 1.5 cups of high-fiber rice/pasta
- At least 2 cups of vegetables
“Starch-based meals should be the focus, says Turner. “Foods like lower fiber rice, pasta, and breads are good options.” But don’t pig out—you want enough food to give you energy, but not so much that you feel that burrito bowl sloshing around in your guts during the first quarter of the game.
Meal Options:
- Sandwich with turkey and low-fat cheese
- Burrito bowl with white rice, chicken, and tomato, but hold the guacamole and sour cream
Quicker Options:
- Lärabars (made with fruits and nuts)
- RxBars (egg whites, fruits, and nuts)
- CLIF Bars
- String cheese
- Greek yogurt
“Focus on quick-digesting snacks,” says Turner. “Foods like peanut butter, nuts, fruits, and low-fat Greek yogurt can be tolerated with closer to 60 minutes before game time. Fruits can be incredibly helpful in regards to hydration at this point, including:
- Watermelon
- Cantaloupe
- Oranges
- Grapes.
Here are some of the options that Turner recommends when you’ve got one hour between practices/games/events:
- Water
- Peanut butter and jelly sandwich
- Bagel with butter
- Low-fiber cereal bars (Turner recommends Honey Nut Cheerio cereal bars or a Nutrigrain bar)
- 8-16 oz of sports drink
- Peanut butter protein balls (Try out this recipe for protein balls that you can use to fuel up before game time)
- Low-fat Greek Yogurt with cereal on top
- Quick Oats cooked with low fat milk or water
30 Minutes Before Game Time
“There are a number of food options recommended to top off your energy,” says Turner. “Rapidly digesting foods that leave the stomach quickly are good when you have 30 minutes or less before your event or game is going to start. You should focus on quick-digesting carbohydrates and hydration.”
But be careful with what you pick, because if you eat the wrong thing, you could hinder yourself once you get out onto the field or onto the court: “Foods high in protein, fat, and fiber—including vegetables, fruits, and whole grains—will digest a lot slower than low-fiber carbohydrates, and should be avoided with less than 30 minutes before a game,” says Turner.
While this may be an obvious one for most athletes, the importance of hydrating cannot be overstated, especially when it comes to performance.
If you don’t have enough water before you get on the field, you’ll put yourself at an increased risk for injury, plus you could suffer from muscle cramps and fatigue.
“Water is necessary for performance, says Turner. “If an athlete loses more than 2% of their body weight from sweat, decision making and reaction time is slowed, perceived exertion is increased, and lean muscle is compromised.
The average person loses 2.4 pounds from sweat per hour—it’s important to hydrate throughout the day and well before competition so you aren’t overloading your stomach.”
Sports Drink – 8 oz. serving
“Sports drinks and watered down juices can be helpful for energy,” says Turner. “Although they are not necessary before a game if you’ve eaten appropriate meals leading up to it.
Too much at once, or a drink too concentrated in sugar can upset the stomach and cause cramping.”
Quick Options:
- Saltines
- Pretzels
- Bagel
- Cereal with lowfat milk
- Sports energy chew (2-3 pieces)
“Low-fiber carbohydrates like pretzels, saltines, and bagels are great choices to top off energy with less than 30 minutes to go before a game,” says Turner. “It’s true that some active people still may have trouble tolerating these, so if you’re one of those people, small amounts of sports energy chew or even Swedish fish can be eaten instead.”
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