More Detailed 1800 to 1809 History 1800 Napoleon Marches Into Austria First use of the White House United States Presidential Election Invention of the Modern Day Battery Library of Congress 1801 Tsar Paul I Assassinated Act of Union UK Enacted The Battle of Copenhagen Cairo Captured Ultraviolet Radiation Discovered Thomas Jefferson Becomes President1802 West Point Military Academy1803 The Louisiana Purchase Railway Before Trains Ohio Becomes The 17th state in the Union Britain Prepares For Possible Invasion By The French1804 The Year New Jersey Abolishes Slavery The Lewis and Clark Expedition Napoleon Bonaparte Coronation Twelfth Amendment To The Constitution First Working Full Size Railway Steam Locomotive 1805 The Battle of Austerlitz Death Of Admiral Nelson During The Battle of Trafalgar1806 Bavaria made into a kingdom Elgin Marbles Webster American-English Dictionary Published1807 UK abolished Slave Trade1808 United States Presidential Election1809 The Illinois Territory Defined Man-made electrical lighting James Madison Becomes PresidentMore Detailed 1810 to 1819 History 1810 The first Oktoberfest Beethoven "Fur Elise" The Tin Can 1811 The Battle of Tippecanoe New Madrid Earthquake, Missouri1812 Louisiana Joins The Union Napoleon Retreats From Moscow The Indian War of 1812 USS Constitution/Old Iron Sides Fort Dearborn / Modern Day Chicago Attacked1813 Pride and Prejudice1814 British Troops Burn Down Washington D.C.Napoleon Abdicates the French ThroneNorway Gains Independence1815 Battle Of Waterloo 1816 Argentina Gains IndependenceIndiana becomes the 19th State1817 Mississippi becomes the 20th StateThe First Seminole War1818 The Modern Prometheus/FrankensteinIllinois becomes the 21st State Stars And Stripes U.S. Flag Modern Fire Extinguisher1819 Raffles Founding of Modern SingaporeAlabama becomes the 22nd State Washington Irving Publishes "The Sketch Book" US Congress enacts First Immigration Law1800's When studying history, it is important to remember that one of the countries that went through the largest transformation in the 1800's was the United States Of America. Just a quick look at some of the events occurring during the century makes you realize how different America was at the start of the century compared to the end of the century. The events that shaped that transformation include (1) America evolves after the American Revolution which gained Independence from the British (1775 to 1783) (2) Purchase of Louisiana (1804) (3) Texas Joins The Union (1845) (4) American Civil War (1861-1865) (5) The Indian Wars (ran for over 200 years ending in 1890) (6) Statehood, the creation of most of the States that exist today (28 States Created) (7) American Old West Settled We should also remember that some of the best known Military Leaders attained almost star quality in their countries. For example, Nelson and the Duke of Wellington (Arthur Wellesley) in Britain and Napoleon in France. Under the watchful eye of Queen Victoria, by the end of the 1800's "The British Empire" controlled nearly 1/4 of the world's population. The invention and first use of technology from the 1800's is also integral to our lives today. Steam locomotives, the battery, photography, sewing machines, pasteurization, dynamite, the telephone, first practical car using internal-combustion engine and Coca Cola are just a few examples.
More Detailed 1820 to 1829 Events 1820 Joseph Smith's vision/Mormon ChurchMaine Becomes the 23rd state 1821 Napoleon dies on Saint HelenaMissouri Becomes the 24th state1822 The Rosetta StoneLiberia (denoting "liberty" )1823 The Monroe DoctrineMackintosh or Macintosh1824 Bureau of Indian Affairs CreatedSan Felipe de Austin1825 Aluminum DiscoveredNew Harmony, Indiana 1826 The first photographs1827 First African American Newspaper1828 Wellington as Prime Minister Democratic Party Created1829 First Oxford University Boat Race "Typographer" or Typewriter First Braille Book Published More Detailed 1830 to 1839 Events 1830 The Book of Mormon is publishedIndian Removal Act Sewing Machine 1831 The French Foreign LegionUnderground Railroad1832 The Treaty of Constantinople1833 The Falkland Islands retakenLock Stitch Sewing Machine1834 The Whig Party Sophisticated Mechanical Reaper1835 Texas takes San Antonio Second Seminole War Begins1836 The Alamo Colt Revolver Arkansas Becomes the 25th state Texas San Jacinto Texas Gains Independence From Mexico John Deere Steel Plow 1837 Queen Victoria ascends the throne Michigan Becomes the 26th state Trail of Tears1838 Atlantic steamboats begin to cross the Atlantic1839 The first Henley Regatta Velocipede/Bicycle Vulcanized Rubber More Detailed 1840 to 1849 Events 1840 British Colonists Arrive In New Zealand First Postage Stamp 1841 The First Afghan War Wagon Trains Start The Journey To California1842 Britain takes Hong Kong Massachusetts Child Employment Laws1843 The Oregon Trail1844 Morse's first electronic telegram1845 The U.S. Naval Academy of Annapolis Florida Becomes The 27th state Texas Becomes The 28th state The Rubber Band Baseball Rules Defined For First Time1846 Oregon splits from EnglandIowa Becomes The 29th stateU.S. - Mexican War 1846 to 1848 1847 Jane Eyre publishedChloroform used as general anaesthetic Antiseptic Use In Hospital Wisconsin Becomes The 30th stateSmithsonian Institution Mormon Followers Led By Brigham Young Arrive in Utah1848 The California Gold Rush starts1849 Hungary splits from Austria The Safety Pin More Detailed 1850 to 1859 Events 1850 California Becomes The 31st state Los Angeles and San Francisco become cities 1851 The New York Times Founded The America's Cup The Great Exhibition / Crystal Palace1852 Uncle Tom's Cabin Published The Safety Elevator1853 Steinway Pianos1854 1855 The Panama Railway 1856 The Pottawatomie Massacre1857 The Indian Mutiny1858 Minnesota Becomes The 32nd state1859 Harpers Ferry Raid Oregon Becomes The 33rd state Big Ben First Oil Well
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More Detailed 1860 to 1869 Events 1860 Abraham Lincoln is nominated President Henry repeating rifle The Pony Express South Carolina Become First State To secede from the Union 1861 The Beginning of the Civil War First United States Income Tax Union Blockades Confederate Ports Stonewall Jackson1862 Signs of War Europe Virginia is divided into two Civil War/Battle of Shiloh Gatling Gun Union Takes Control Of New OrleansThe Homestead ActThe Second Battle Of Bull Run Manassas, VirginiaThe Battle of Antietam near Sharpsburg, Maryland1863 The Emancipation Proclamation The Battle of Gettysburg First Underground Railway The Union Uses Colored Troops Congress Passes First Conscription Act New York Riots Due To Conscription Act1864 First Use Of Submarine In Warfare Ulysses S. Grant Battle Of Cold Harbor, Virginia 1865 The End of the Civil War Abraham Lincoln Assassinated Stetson Hats The Thirteenth Amendment Ratified Ku Klux Klan Formed1866 The Austro-Prussian War Dynamite Reconstruction Following Civil War Jesse James Indian Wars Continue1867 Alaska Purchased From Russia1868 The Fourteenth Amendment To The Constitution1869 Wyoming Gives Women The Vote Ulysses S. Grant 18th President
More Detailed 1870 to 1879 Events 1870 The Franco-Prussian War John D. Rockefeller Can Opener U.S. Department of Justice Congress Adopts the Fifteenth Amendment 1871 British Colombia becomes part of Canada The Albert Hall 1871 Indian Appropriation Act Great Chicago Fire Third Force Act also known as the "Ku Klux Act" Passed1872 1873 Japanese Calendars Blue Jeans1874 First Impressionist Exhibition First Commercial Barbed Wire Republican Elephant 1875 Palo Duro First Kentucky Derby1876 First Practical Telephone Internal Combustion Engine The Little Bighorn/Custer's Last Stand1877 Queen Victoria Empress of India Sitting Bull The Phonograph The "Molly Maguires"1878 Ready Made Mixed Paints Second Afghan War1879 Zulus Attack First Cash Register Incandescent light bulb 1st Woolworth 5 Cents Store Opened More Detailed 1880 to 1889 Events 1880 Tahiti 1881 Sitting Bull Early Prohibition Billy the Kid American Red Cross Greenwich Mean Time1882 Electric Clothes Iron First Electric Fan The 1812 Overture First investor-owned electric utility Gunfight at the OK Corral Chinese Exclusion Act1883 The Orient-Express Brooklyn Bridge1884 The Oxford English Dictionary Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1885 The Statue of Liberty Beginnings Of The Modern Bicycle Washington Monument Modern Photograph Film 1886 Automobile Beginnings Linotype Machine Coca Cola First Dishwasher Haymarket Square Riot In Chicago1887 Earmuffs are patented First American Golf Club1888 The National Geographic Society Kodak Box Camera Inflatable Tires1889 The Eiffel Tower Oklahoma Land Rush Wall Street Journal Johnstown Flood More Detailed 1890 to 1899 Events 1890 Bismarck resigns Black Voter Rights Mississippi Sherman Antitrust Act The McKinley Tariff 1891 James Hogg Birth Of Basketball Carnegie Hall1892 The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes US Cotton Crop Devastated Ellis Island Opens1893 Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii Moving Pictures Lizzie Borden1894 Coca-Cola First Sold In Bottles The Jungle Book The Pullman Strike1895 Second Jungle Book First Race Of Gas Powered Cars First Slot Machines The Radio or "Telegraphy without Wires" Oscar Wilde 1896 Utah becomes the 45th U.S. State Yukon Gold Rush First Modern Olympic Games Dow Jones Industrial Average first published1897 First US Gasoline Powered Car Maker Grant's Tomb Dracula Published Boston Marathon1898 USS Maine Explodes New York's Five counties US / Spanish War Declared US / Spanish War Battle Of Manila Bay US / Spanish War Puerto Rico US / Spanish War Ends First Escalator Installed1899 Aspirin Philippine-American War The Great Blizzard Second Boer WarMore Detailed 1900 to 1910 Events 1900 Work on the New York subway begins on the first section from City Hall to the Bronx The Boxer Rebellion 25% of all cars that were sold in 1900 were electric The Summer Olympic Games of the II Olympiad are held in Paris 1901 1902 Triple AAA Started1903 Work On The Queensboro Bridge Begins The First Use of Guantánamo Bay First Baseball World Series Prussia become the first country to issue driving licenses First UK Number Plate issued Henry Ford forms the Ford Motor Company to manufacture Automobiles. Iroquois Theater Fire in Chicago Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first successful man-powered airplane flight near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina First Crayola Crayons1904 The General Slocum burst into flames on New York's East River with the loss of over 1000 lives Summer Olympic Games of the III Olympiad are held in St. Louis, Missouri Long Acre Square in Manhattan, New York, was renamed Times Square 1905 The world's first nickelodeon opened ( 5 cents or a nickel to watch a movie ) The Trans-Siberian Railway Illiteracy in the U.S. was 106.6 per 1,000 persons1906 Morse Code SOS Adopted Earthquake San Francisco Mount Vesuvius Erupted1907 Romanian Peasants Revolt The Zulu Tribe rises in South Africa to abolish British rule1908 Messina Earthquake Henry Ford's Ford Motor Company introduces the Ford Model T costing $850.00 Baden Powell Starts the Boy Scouts Ball is dropped in New York City's Times Square to signify the start of the New Year at midnight1909 Naval Base Built at Pearl Harbor First Fingerprint Evidence Used in Murder Case NAACP was formed First Automobile Hearse Queensboro Bridge Opens First Men to Reach The North PoleMore Detailed 1910 to 1919 Events 1910 Jack Johnson beats Tommy Burns Immigration into the US hits an all time peak Boy Scouts of America Created King Edward VII Dies Idaho Big Burn 1911 First Electric Self Start was installed in a Cadillac The Discovery of Manchu Picchu Manhattan Sweatshop Fire First Indianapolis 5001912 Sinking of the Titanic Hellmann's Real Mayonnaise Last Emperor of China abdicates Girl Scouts of America Founded The Republic of China ( Taiwan ) created1913 First Cross Word Puzzle The 16th Amendment The 17th Amendment Webb Alien Land-Holding Bill in California Ford Introduces Assembly Line First Stainless Steel1914 Federal Trade Commission FTC Formed British Parliament passes Irish Home Rule Start Of World War I First US Income Tax Egypt under protection of the British Crown Ford announced his $5-per-day program The Panama Canal Opens1915 World War I The Dardanelles World War I Zeppelin raids World War I Use Of Poison Gas U.S. Coast Guard Service Established Suffrage Movement March up Fifth Avenue First Transcontinental Telephone Call Lusitania Sunk By Torpedo British warship Formidable sunk by German submarine1916 Pancho Villa Attacks Columbus New Mexico Rasputin Murdered Thompson submachine gun The Battle of Jutland World War I Battle Of The Somme (1916 - 1918) Easter uprising Ireland 1917 Beginning of the Russian Revolution British Royal Family Name Change From Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to the Royal House of Windsor Boys Town Founded Puerto Rico Citizens given US Citizenship America enters World War I Declares War On Germany and Sends Troops World War I Jerusalem Captured Mexican Constitution New Immigration Act required a literacy test Pulitzer Prizes Started Earthquake Long Beach California1918 Brest-Litovsk and the Armistice ends Russian Involvement in World War I Czar Nicholas II and his family are executed by the Bolsheviks Royal Air Force is Founded Influenza Epidemic begins at Fort Riley, Kansas killing 20 million people worldwide First Use Of Aircraft By US In war "The Red Baron" German Fighter Ace Killed Germany signs armistice ending World War I US Airmail Service begins The American Legion First Meeting1919 Treaty of Versailles League of Nations Rotary Dial Telephones Invented Grand Canyon National Park Created Daylight Saving Time Introduced in US First Pop Up Toaster Midwife Jailed for Advocating Birth Control 18th Amendment / Prohibition Introduced 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Following the end of the American Revolution, The United States purchased France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803. This territory was larger than just the present-day state of Louisiana and included all of present-day Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, plus part of what are now Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, New Mexico, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and Louisiana. The total land mass was 828,800 square miles for a total cost of 15 million dollars. (At the time, this doubled the size of the United States, but today it is about 1/4 of the country's total size.)
Just over 200 years ago, shortly after the Louisiana Purchase, the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806) set out to discover the resources now available on the West Coast of the American continent. Following the end of the Civil war and forcing Native Americans to relocate to Reservations, tens of thousands of settlers set out to seek fame and fortune in the west traveling for weeks and months through hostile environments to settle vast areas of the country. The Indian wars date back to the time of the first settlers, but after the end of The American Revolution and the British ceding a vast amount of Native American territory to the United States, the wars became more focussed. Many Native American Tribes had sided with the British so retribution combined with a need for more land for settlers, discovery of Gold and a general need for expansion meant the tribes were doomed. In the beginning, the national government initially sought to achieve this by purchasing Native American land in treaties, but as some Native American Leaders began to organize and fight against the loss of their heritage the use of force increased. In 1830, Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act which basically took the lands that the United States wanted to expand into away from the Native American Indians. This forced them to relocate to other areas that the US did not consider as desirable. Some of the worst fighting during the century occurred in the most desirable areas for farming, ranching and Gold and included Florida, California, Texas, Colorado, Oregon and Utah. The tribes who did survive ended up in the 310 Indian reservations often in arid areas unsuitable for agriculture in the United States (There were originally over 500 Native American Tribes). Depending on where you are from, your view of the causes of the Civil War might be different, so I will try to concentrate on the facts.
Like America, Europe was a continent in turmoil during the 1800's with wars being fought at sea and on land. The main combatants were Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia, Spain and France with possibly the best known of the sea battles "The Battle Of Trafalgar" between the British Royal Navy led by Admiral Nelson and the combined forces of the French and Spanish. Like many sea battles during the period the British were heavily outnumbered but due to the combination of leadership and better trained gun crews, they were victorious. But in mainland Europe the French forces under the leadership of Napoleon were equally successful with defeats over the Russia and Spain expanding French influence. But, Napoleon met his match at the Battle Of Waterloo in 1816 (Belgium) against combined forces of the United Kingdom, Russia, Austria and Prussia led by the Duke of Wellington. Queen Victoria became the British Queen in 1837 leading to the Victorian Era. The Victorian Era was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military progress that included further growth and influence of "The British Empire." This also included taking control of India and obtaining one of her many titles the "Empress of India." Events Around The WorldArgentina gained independence from Spainin 1816, India comes under British Rule and becomes part of the British Empire, Britain continues its building and control of the British Empire around the world including Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Afghanistan, New Zealand, South Africa, Egypt. In its heyday, during the late 1800's and very early 1900's, under the rule of Queen Victoria the British Empire controlled one-quarter of the world's population and a quarter of the Earth's total land area.Agricultural RevolutionThe 1800's provided the inventions and improvements in Farm Machinery to change farming from an extremely labor intensive industry to technology driven. The creation of Combine Harvesters which took three separate operations (reaping, binding, and threshing) and combined them into one, traction engines/tractors, and vastly improved plowing and planting machines led to increased automation. Increased automation allowed for cultivation on an ever greater scale. These improvements also led to decades of extensive farming without crop rotation, fallow fields, cover crops or other techniques to prevent erosion and were one of the contributing factors to the Dust Bowl years of the 1930's (Combined with severe drought).Technology 1800'sThe 1800's were an important time in our history and many of the most important pieces of technology that we rely on today were first invented in this century. Not only were these inventions important, but the names associated with those breakthroughs are still in use today. Here are just a few from the list below: Electric Light, Photography, Revolver, Pasteurization, The Telephone, First Car using internal combustion engine (Here we are nearly 150 years later still using the same basic principle), Coca Cola (No longer using Cocaine as important ingredient), Sewing Machine and Contact Lenses. Some of the names associated with these important breakthroughs: Singer, Goodyear, Dunlop, Pasteur, Benz, Colt, Gatling, and many others. Inventions -- The Year Invented, Inventors, and Country (or attributed to First Use)Ultraviolet Radiation Discovered ----- 1801 Germany by Johann Ritter First Electric light ----- 1809 Britain by Humphry Davy First Steam Locomotive ----- 1814 England by George Stephenson Photograph ----- 1814 France by Joseph Nicephore Niepce Mackintosh (Waterproof Raincoat) ----- 1823 Scotland by Charles Mackintosh Typewriter ----- 1829 USA by W.A. Burt Braille printing ----- 1829 France by Louis Braille Sewing Machine ----- 1830 France by Barthelemy Thimonnier Sewing Machine ----- 1851 USA by Isaac Singer (Not inventor, but he added Improvements that made the machine much more usable) Mechanical Calculator ----- 1835 England by Charles Babbage Revolver ----- 1836 USA by Samuel Colt Morse Code ----- 1838 USA by Samual Morse Rubber Vulcanization ----- 1839 USA by Charles Goodyear Safety Pin ----- 1849 USA by Walter Hunt Pasteurization ----- 1856 France by Louis Pasteur Machine Gun ----- 1861 USA by Richard Gatling Dynamite ----- 1866 Sweden by Alfred Nobel Telephone ----- 1876 Scotland by Alexander Graham Bell Photographic Film ----- 1884 USA by George Eastman Car with Internal-Combustion Engine ----- 1885 Germany by Karl Benz Coca Cola ----- 1886 USA by John Pemberton Contact Lenses ----- 1887 Germany by F.E. Muller and Adolph Fick Pneumatic tire ----- 1888 USA by John Boyd Dunlop Zipper ----- 1893 USA by W.L. Judson |
What were major events in the 19th century?
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