What happens when barium chloride reacts with copper sulphate?

To perform a double displacement reaction using sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions.

The Theory

Double displacement reactions may be defined as the chemical reactions in which one component each of both the reacting molecules is exchanged to form the products. During this reaction, the cations and anions of two different compounds switch places, forming two entirely different compounds.

The general equation which represents a double displacement reaction can be written as:

For example, on mixing a solution of barium chloride with sodium sulphate, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is immediately formed. These reactions are ionic in nature. The reactants changes into ions when dissolved in water and there is an exchange of ions in solution. This results in the formation of product molecule.

    
Double displacement reactions can be further classified as neutralization, precipitation and gas formation reactions.

Neutralization reactions are a specific kind of double displacement reaction. An acid-base reaction occurs, when an acid reacts with equal quantity of base. The acid base reaction results in the formation of salt (neutral in nature) and water.

Precipitation is the formation of a solid in a solution or inside another solid during a chemical reaction. This process usually takes place when the concentration of dissolved ions in the solution exceeds the solubility product.  

A double displacement reaction should also occur if an insoluble gas is formed.  Gases such as HCl and NH3  are soluble in water, but some other gases, such as H2S,  are not soluble in water.

•  Neutralization Reactions
  • On mixing an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride and water are formed.
•  Precipitation Reactions
  • On mixing aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chloride, a white curdy precipitate of silver chloride is formed.
  • On mixing an aqueous solution of barium chloride with that of copper sulphate, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed.
   
  • On mixing an aqueous solution of lead nitrate with sodium sulphate, a white precipitate of lead sulphate is formed.
  • On passing hydrogen sulphide gas through copper sulphate solution, a black precipitate of copper sulphide is formed.
  • On adding a solution of lead nitrate to sodium iodide solution, a yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed.
   
  • Cobalt(II) chloride reacts with sodium carbonate to form pink/red coloured precipitate of cobalt(II) carbonate and sodium chloride.
   
  • On adding aluminium sulphate solution to calcium chloride solution, a precipitate of calcium sulphate is formed.
   
  • Lead acetate solution is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to form lead chloride and acetic acid solution.
• Gas Formation Reactions
  • Many sulfide salts will react with acids to form gaseous hydrogen sulphide.
  • Insoluble gases are often formed by the breakdown of unstable double displacement reaction products. For example, marble chips (CaCO3) react with dilute hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride and carbonic acid. Carbonic acid is unstable and readily decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water.

Learning Outcomes

1. Students understand terms such as double displacement reactions & different types of such reactions like neutralization, precipitation.
2. Students classify the compounds that give double displacement reactions.
3. Students acquire the skill to perform a double displacement reaction using barium chloride and sodium sulphate.
4. Students will be able to distinguish a double displacement reaction from a given set of chemical reactions in future.

Here we will talk about the double displacement reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride solution.

Page 2

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Experiments for Class X in chemical science with a set of interactive simulators, practical content and assessment that promote the procedural, manipulative and observation skills and competencies. It further aids in developing skills of representing and interpreting data and the accompanying conceptual and critical abilities. The experiments cover various areas such as: study of acids and bases, chemical reactions, reactivity of metals, etc.

Play Movie (duration 10.9 seconds, size 622 K)

Here, copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) is added to barium chloride (BaCl2). The result is a pale blue solution and white precipitate. The blue color is due to Cu2+(aq).
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Copper(II) Sulfate with Barium Chloride

Play Movie (duration 7 seconds, size 425 K)

Here, barium chloride (BaCl2) is added to copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4). The result is a white precipitate.
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Cobalt(II) Chloride with Copper(II) Sulfate

Play Movie (duration 8 seconds, size 468 K)

Here, copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) is added to cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2). The result is no visible reaction.
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Copper(II) Sulfate with Cobalt(II) Chloride

Play Movie (duration 7 seconds, size 409 K)

Here, cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2) is added to copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4). The result is no visible reaction.
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Copper(II) Nitrate with Copper(II) Sulfate

Play Movie (duration 7 seconds, size 395 K)

Here, copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) is added to copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2). The result is no visible reaction.
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Copper(II) Sulfate with Copper(II) Nitrate

Play Movie (duration 7 seconds, size 404 K)

Here, copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) is added to copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4). The result is no visible reaction.
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Copper(II) Sulfate with Sulfuric Acid

Play Movie (duration 7.5 seconds, size 429 K)

Here, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is added to copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4). The result is no visible reaction.
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Sulfuric Acid with Copper(II) Sulfate

Play Movie (duration 7 seconds, size 412 K)

Here, copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) is added to sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The result is no visible reaction.
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Copper(II) Sulfate with Hydrochloric Acid

Play Movie (duration 7.3 seconds, size 427 K)

Here, hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4). The result is no visible reaction.
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Hydrochloric Acid with Copper(II) Sulfate

Play Movie (duration 6.5 seconds, size 388 K)

Here, copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) is added to hydrochloric acid (HCl). The result is no visible reaction.
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Copper(II) Sulfate with Sodium Chloride

Play Movie (duration 6.7 seconds, size 393 K)

Here, sodium chloride (NaCl) is added to copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4). The result is no visible reaction.
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Sodium Chloride with Copper(II) Sulfate

Play Movie (duration 8 seconds, size 472 K)

Here, copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) is added to sodium chloride (NaCl). The result is no visible reaction.
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Copper(II) Sulfate with Sodium Carbonate

Play Movie (duration 7 seconds, size 420 K)

Here, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is added to copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4). The result is a pale blue precipitate.
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Sodium Carbonate with Copper(II) Sulfate

Play Movie (duration 7 seconds, size 421 K)

Here, copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) is added to sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). The result is a pale blue precipitate.
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Copper(II) Sulfate with Sodium Hydroxide

Play Movie (duration 8 seconds, size 470 K)

Here, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4). The result is a pale blue precipitate.
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Sodium Hydroxide with Copper(II) Sulfate

Play Movie (duration 7 seconds, size 401 K)

Here, copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) is added to sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The result is a blue precipitate.

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Sodium Hydroxide with Copper(II) Sulfate

Play Movie (duration 14 seconds, size 745 K)

Here, copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) is added to sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The result is a blue precipitate. This is an ancillary version.

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Copper(II) Sulfate with Ammonia

Play Movie (duration 14.6 seconds, size 738 K)

Here, ammonia (NH3) is added to copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4). The result is a pale blue precipitate, which is Cu(OH)2(s). The dark blue color is due to Cu(NH3)4 2+ . This is an ancillary version.

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Copper(II) Sulfate with Ammonia

Play Movie (duration 8.5 seconds, size 494 K)

Here, ammonia (NH3) is added to copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4). The result is a pale blue precipitate, which is Cu(OH)2(s). The dark blue color is due to Cu(NH3)4 2+ .
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Ammonia with Copper(II) Sulfate

Play Movie (duration 28 seconds, size 1.4 MB)

Here, copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) is added to ammonia (NH3). The result is a pale blue precipitate, which is Cu(OH)2(s). The dark blue color is due to Cu(NH3)4 2+ This is an ancillary version.

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Ammonia with Copper(II) Sulfate

Play Movie (duration 9.7 seconds, size 557 K)

Here, copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) is added to ammonia (NH3). The result is a pale blue precipitate, which is Cu(OH)2(s). The dark blue color is due to Cu(NH3)4 2+ .
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