Calculate the osmotic pressure of a solution containing 1.50 g ethylene glycol

2017-09-06T19:28:04-04:00

H15. Calculate the osmotic pressure (in atmospheres) of a solution containing 1.20 g ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in 55.0 mL of solution at 25∘C.
Express the pressure to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.

2017-09-06T19:28:04-0400

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The osmotic pressure of a solution is the minimum amount of pressure needed to prevent water from flowing into it across a semipermeable membrane. Osmotic pressure also reflects how readily water can enter the solution via osmosis, as across a cell membrane. For a dilute solution, osmotic pressure obeys a form of the ideal gas law and can be calculated provided you know the concentration of the solution and the temperature.

What is the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by adding 13.65 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) to enough water to make 250 mL of solution at 25 °C?

Solution:

Osmosis and osmotic pressure are related. Osmosis is the flow of a solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane. Osmotic pressure is the pressure that stops the process of osmosis. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property of a substance since it depends on the concentration of the solute and not its chemical nature.

Π is the osmotic pressure in atm

M = molar concentration in mol/L

To do this, look up the atomic weights of the elements in the compound:

From the periodic table:

O = 16 g/mol

Use the atomic weights to find the molar mass of the compound. Multiply the subscripts in the formula times the atomic weight of the element. If there is no subscript, it means one atom is present.

molar mass of sucrose = 12(12) + 22(1) + 11(16)

nsucrose = 13.65 g x 1 mol/342 g

Msucrose = nsucrose/Volumesolution

Remember, absolute temperature is always given in Kelvin. If the temperature is given in Celsius or Fahrenheit, convert it to Kelvin.

T = °C + 273T = 25 + 273

T = 298 K

Sucrose does not dissociate in water; therefore the van 't Hoff factor = 1.

To find the osmotic pressure, plug the values into the equation.

Π = iMRTΠ = 1 x 0.16 mol/L x 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K x 298 KΠ = 3.9 atm

Answer:

The osmotic pressure of the sucrose solution is 3.9 atm.

The biggest issue when solving the problem is knowing the van't Hoff factor and using the correct units for terms in the equation. If a solution dissolves in water (e.g., sodium chloride), it's necessary to either have the van't Hoff factor given or else look it up. Work in units of atmospheres for pressure, Kelvin for temperature, moles for mass, and liters for volume. Watch significant figures if unit conversions are required.

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