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Learn about the nursing care management of patients with myocardial infarction in this nursing study guide. What is Myocardial Infarction?Myocardial infarction (MI), is used synonymously with coronary occlusion and heart attack, yet MI is the most preferred term as myocardial ischemia causes acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that can result in myocardial death.
PathophysiologyIn each case of MI, a profound imbalance exists between myocardial oxygen supply and demand.
Statistics and EpidemiologyTime is muscle; this is the reflection of the urgency of appropriate treatments to improve patient outcome.
CausesThe causes of MI primarily stems from the vascular system.
Clinical ManifestationsSome of the patients have prodromal symptoms or a previous diagnosis of CAD, but about half report no previous symptoms.
PreventionA healthy lifestyle could help prevent the development of MI.
Assessment and Diagnostic FindingsThe diagnosis of MI is generally based on the presenting symptoms.
Medical ManagementThe goals of medical management are to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications. Mnemonics for Myocardial InfarctionPharmacologic Therapy
Emergent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Nursing ManagementThe nursing management involved in MI is critical and systematic, and efficiency is needed to implement the care for a patient with MI. Nursing AssessmentOne of the most important aspects of care of the patient with MI is the assessment.
DiagnosisBased on the clinical manifestations, history, and diagnostic assessment data, major nursing diagnoses may include. Planning & GoalsMain Article: 7 Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Nursing Care Plans To establish a plan of care, the focus should be on the following:
Nursing Priorities
Nursing InterventionsNursing interventions should be anchored on the goals in the nursing care plan.
EvaluationAfter the implementation of the interventions within the time specified, the nurse should check if:
Discharge and Home Care GuidelinesThe most effective way to increase the probability that the patient will implement a self-care regimen after discharge is to identify the patients priorities.
Documentation GuidelinesTo ensure that every action documented is an action done, documentation must be secured. The following should be documented:
Practice Quiz: Myocardial InfarctionLets reinforce what youve learned with this 5-item NCLEX practice quiz about Myocardial Infarction. Please visit our nursing test bank for more NCLEX practice questions. 1. Which of the following is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction (MI)? A. Chest painB. DyspneaC. Edema D. Palpitations 2. An intravenous analgesic frequently administered to relieve chest pain associated with MI is: A. Meperidine hydrochlorideB. Hydromorphone hydrochlorideC. Morphine sulfate D. Codeine sulfate 3. The classic ECG changes that occur with an MI include all of the following except: A. An absent P waveB. An abnormal Q waveC. T-wave inversion D. ST segment elevation 4. Which of the following statements about myocardial infarction pain is incorrect? A. It is relieved by rest and inactivity.B. It is substernal in location.C. It is sudden in onset and prolonged in duration. D. It is viselike and radiates to the shoulders and arms. 5. Myocardial cell damage can be reflected by high levels of cardiac enzymes. The cardiac-specific isoenzyme is: A. Alkaline phosphataseB. Creatine kinase (CK-MB)C. Myoglobin D. Troponin 1. Answer: A. Chest pain
2. Answer: C. Morphine sulfate
3. Answer: A. An absent P wave
4. Answer: A. It is relieved by rest and inactivity.
5. Answer: B. Creatine kinase (CK-MB)
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